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  • Semiconductor Devices: The First Transistor (1947)

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    Semiconductor devices like transistors were first developed in 1947 and operate by controlling and manipulating the flow of electrons through a semiconductor material. Energy band diagrams are used to illustrate the allowed and forbidden energy levels for electrons in materials like insulators, semiconductors, and metals. Key terms defined include ionization energy, electron affinity, and bandgap which describe the electronic structure and how electrons can move within different materials.

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    Semiconductor devices like transistors were first developed in 1947 and operate by controlling and manipulating the flow of electrons through a semiconductor material. Energy band diagrams are used to illustrate the allowed and forbidden energy levels for electrons in materials like insulators, semiconductors, and metals. Key terms defined include ionization energy, electron affinity, and bandgap which describe the electronic structure and how electrons can move within different materials.

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    2 views16 pages

    Semiconductor Devices: The First Transistor (1947)

    Uploaded by

    totoro
    Semiconductor devices like transistors were first developed in 1947 and operate by controlling and manipulating the flow of electrons through a semiconductor material. Energy band diagrams are used to illustrate the allowed and forbidden energy levels for electrons in materials like insulators, semiconductors, and metals. Key terms defined include ionization energy, electron affinity, and bandgap which describe the electronic structure and how electrons can move within different materials.

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    Semiconductor Devices

    The first transistor (1947)


    Energy band diagram for two noninteracting
    hydrogen nuclei
    As the nuclei are brought together, the upper
    energy levels merge and electrons in those
    levels are shared between the atoms
    The nuclei are sufficiently close together
    that all energy levels are shared. Since the
    lowest level is usually the only occupied
    level for hydrogen, if it is occupied by two
    electrons H2 molecule is stable.
    Potential energy for an electron in that
    crystal along a row of atoms (solid line) and
    between rows (dashed line). In this
    representation the electron is considered a
    point charge.
    Definitions of vacuum energy Evac, electron
    affinity c, ionization energy g and the
    energy gap Eg

      Evac  EV Ionization Enrgy


      Evac  Ec Elecron Affinity
    Eg  Ec  Ev Bandgap
    Energy band diagrams for (a) an insulator, (b) a
    semiconductor, and (c) a metal. The energies in
    the shaded regions are in general occupied

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