THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

 The Industrial revolution began in the mid- 18 th century in England. Society was transformed
from the domestic system to the factory system. The two main events which helped Industrial
revolution to happen were Abraham Darby’s discovery that coke was better than charcoal for
smelting iron. The other event was Thomas Newcomen’s evolved steam engine, this steam
engine was used to pump water. Goods were produced in factories by machines. Feminism
was also accepted, women started to work, earn. They earned $5 extra than the male
counterparts. Women like Mary Wollstonecraft, Olympe de Gouges also wanted girls to get
equal education. Wollstonecraft mentioned this in her book called ‘A vindication of the Rights
of Women.’ Also in the year 1784, English geologist John Mitchell suggested about black
holes. Britain had a thriving cottage industry from which a new business economy could
evolve. But the impact of industrialization was traumatic. Protesters known as Luddites
sabotaged
1769 machinery. 1879
Watt patents steam engine Edison perfects incandescent light bulb .

1844
Morse sends first telegraph message
 WHY DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
START IN GREAT BRITAIN?
 The British empire colonized many countries like India, South Africa, USA. British were
imperialists they wanted control, dominion over other territories . Especially, Queen Victoria
was an unapologetic imperialist. She was titled as ‘Empress of India’. Colonization of other
territories and trading got Britain a huge benefit. They dominated the territories and shipped
raw materials from the colonized country to Britain. Indian weavers were world class weavers,
after British came they made them as their slaves and sent the cloth to Britain or they sold the
finished goods. This grew Britain’s economy which results in more capitalists. Britain’s
Industrialization was actually premised upon the deindustrialization of India. Capitalists before
Industrial revolution bought these raw materials and made inventions. Also, Britain was rich in
coal. Coal energy was used a lot in this revolution
BRITISH COLONIES
 WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
 Massive urbanization took place during this period. People were moving from towns to
villages for work. The workplaces in the factories were dark, dingy and gloomy. There was no
ventilation. The workers had to endure these conditions and work for more than 12 hours.
Workers were exposed to coal. Long time exposure to coal dust led Coal Workers
Pneumoconiosis (CWP) or black lung disease. Children were most important in the coal
mining industry. They were cheap labor. Children of age 5 had to sit underground and open
and close the doors for workers who dragged coal. It was dark underground and their parents
had no money to afford on candles. There were many orphanages then. Therefore, if any child
who worked in the factory met with an accident they were substituted by the orphans. Women
made $5 more than the male counterparts. They suffered from Tuberculosis and pneumonia.
The owners punished workers if they opened the doors for ventilation, talked while working.
 TIMELINE

1698 1709
1779
Thomas Savery Abraham Darby
develops a steam engine The first iron engine
discovers smelting iron
to pump water out of built.
with coke.
mines.
INVENTORS DURING THE LATE MODERN

YEAR INVENTOR INVENTION

1712 Thomas Newcomen Steam Engine

1764 James Hargreaves Spinning jenny

1769 James Watt Improvised steam engine

1794 Eli Whitney Cotton Gin

1844 Samuel Morse Sends the first telegraph

 CONCLUSION

 The Industrial revolution is not only the economic progression of England but mankind’s. Also
I would name this topic as Industrial evolution. This is because it is an evolution from simple
machines to complex ones. These inventions were made because it was a necessity. The
machines played an important in large scale production. James Hargreaves invented the
spinning jenny. Other hand spinners feared his machines would put them out of work, and
destroyed them. The factory system had pros and cons. For example, factory system had long
working hours for workers. But it had large scale production which met the demand of the
population. The Industrial revolution was a major event in history because we would not have
the luxury today. We should salute and thank the inventors for the luxurious life which was
given by them.
 REFLECTION

 By doing this topic, I learnt more about Industrial revolution. I used more of books than the
media literacy. The speech in the class let’s me get rid of stage fear. Also it will improve my
teaching skills. Watching Shashi Tharoor’s speech in the web browser gave me more
information about how cruel British Empire and how power hungry it was. Before doing this
topic I never knew that workers were treated so inhumanely by the owners. If I ever become
an entrepreneur I wouldn’t treat my workers in a cruel way. Learning history gave me life
lessons.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 1001 Ideas that changed the world

 http://www.crosscards.com/cards/thank-you/
 http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/britain-1700-to-1900/industrial-revolution/the-domestic-syste
m/
 National Geographic Answers book
   
 http://sageamericanhistory.net/colonies_empire/topics/britishempire.htm
 The world history published by: Parragon books
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7CW7S0zxv4
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHOEau-QV1M

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WP8H9AaMghI