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PHAN THỊ THÙY AN

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NÌM NGỌC YẾN

HOÀNG TÚ KIỀU

THE
 THE MEDIA
 OUTLINE
1 The Importance of the national press ( by Yến Ngọc).

2 The two types of national newspaper ( Bích Ngọc).

3 The characteristics of the national press: politics ( Thùy An ).

4 The characteristics of the NP : sex & scandal ( Thúy Quỳnh).

5 The BBC ( Hồng Vân ) .

6 Television : Organization ( Ngọc Yến ).

7 Television : Style ( Tú Kiều).

THE
 THE MEDIA

I. THE IMPORTANCE OF NATIONAL

PRESS
 I. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NATIONAL PRESS

- “People could not be expected to do without their newspaper

for even one day” ,they are the world’s 3rd biggest newspaper
buyers =>the impotance of newspaper in britain.
=>the importance of the national press.

- Newspaper publication is dominated by the national press.

- 80% of all households buy a copy of national papers everyday
National papers ?

THE MED
 I.THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NATIONAL PRESS
Newsagents
 laws were relaxed in < 1990s

 newsagents can allowed to open on

Sunday.

 “paper round” - country’s readers get

their morning paper delivered to their door
by a teenager

THE
 I. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NATIONAL PRESS

National papers Non-national papers

National “Dailies” papers (everyday >80 local & regional daily papers
mornings) (everyday evenings)

“Sunday” papers (only on Sundays ) 


The total circulation of al of them <
the combined circulation of
The national press’ dominance
is absolute The national “dailies”
II. THE 2 TYPES OF NATIONAL NEWSPAPER

II. THE 2 TYPES OF

NATIONAL NEWSPAPER
 II. THE 2 TYPES OF NATIONAL NEWSPAPER

* What are the 2 types of national

newspaper?
* Quality papers = broadsheets.

 Cater for the better educated readers.

 Devote much space to politics and other “serious” news.
 Do not completely ignore sex and scandal and any other
aspect of public life.
 II. THE 2 TYPES OF NATIONAL NEWSPAPER

* Popular papers = tabloids.

 Sell to a much large readership.
 Contain far less print than the broadsheets and far more
pictures, larger headlines and write in a simple style of
English.
- Concentrate on “human interest”  sex and scandal.
 Same a & b: Devote equal amounts of attention to sport.
 Difference a & b: In the treatment of the topics they cover and
in which topics are given the most prominence.
 II. THE 2 TYPES OF NATIONAL NEWSPAPER

 The reason that the quality newspapers are called broadsheets

and the popular ones tabloides.

Because: different shapes (broadsheets = 2 tabloids)

 But this question is a mystery why.

 2 typical types:
-Daily paper
-Sunday paper
 II. THE 2 TYPES OF NATIONAL NEWSPAPER

 In the early 1990s: Tabloids sell = 6 times

broadsheets.
 In 1950s improve better: Tabloids sell = 20 times.
 Education seems to be having and effect on people
reading habits.

THE MEDI
 THE MEDIA

III.THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
NATIONAL PRESS: POLITICS

THE
 III. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NP: POLITICS

 The way politics is presented in the national newspaper →

British political parties → essentially parliamentary
organizations.
 What counts for the newspaper publishers is business.→
First is in the business and to make money.Their primary
concern → to sell as many copies as possible + to attract
as much advertising as possible.( usually put selling copies
ahead of political integity)
 The sbrupt turn abt in the stance of the Scottish edition of
the Sun in early 1991→ good e.g.
 The British press controlled by a rather small# of extremely
large multinational companies→ two notable features.
 III. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NP: POLITICS

 freedom fr interference fr G influence.→ so powerful

& sometimes referred to “the fourth estate’(the other
three being the Commons, the Lords and the
monarch)
 → freedom of speech → basic constitutional right.
 →a striking e.g of the importance of freedom of
speech occured during the II WW
=> None of the big national newspaper “belongs “ to a
political party.in any case ,a large number of readers
are not very interested in the political coverage of a
paper. They buy it for the sport, or the human interest
stories, or for some other reason.
 THE MEDIA

III. THE CHARACTERISTICS

OF NP: SEX & SCANDAL

THE MEDIA
 III. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NP: SEX & SCANDAL

 The other feature of the national press is it

shallowness.
 The desire to attract more readers at all costs ( the
broadsheet in Brit looked ‘popular’ when
compared to equivalent ‘quality’ in some
countries. ) Sex and scandal press
 III. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NP: SEX & SCANDAL

 Revealing the details of ppl’s private

lives
 Many journalists spend their times to
discover secrets of famous ppl
 III.THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NP: SEX & SCANDAL

 1992 sex and scandal sell newspapers

 Many stories abt famous ppl & royalty
 sales of tabloids  by 122,000
 In Oct the stories dried up  in
sales by > 200,000
 III. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NP: SEX & SCANDAL

 On 11 Oct 1992 it had 9

pages of photos of the
popstar Madonna taken
from sex ( her best-selling
book)  sales 74,000
greater than usual.
 Next Sunday w/th
Madonna 74,000 less than
the week before .
 III. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NP: SEX & SCANDAL

 But there is a widespread feeling  too intrusively

 Complaints regarding invasion of privacy dealt w/.
by the Press Complaints Commission ( PCC)
 This is made up of newspaper editors &
journalistsmany ppl are not happy w/. this
 III.THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NP: SEX & SCANDAL

 The rest of the press

 The Economist = Time, Newsweek, Der
Spiegle & L’Express
 The New Statesman and Society
 Private Eye
 Radio Times
THE MEDIA

V. THE BBC
BBC “ the mother of information
services”.
 V. THE BBC
 Its reputation for imparticulity + objectivity +
independence.
 Independence characteristics:
 Not depending on advertising nor on the G 
income.
 Getting licence fee which everybody who uses TV
pay
 V. THE BBC
 G   decides how much the fee is.
 appoints BBC’s board of governors/
director general  veto any BBC
programme before transmitting.
 takes away the BBC’s licence.
  easy for G to influence what BBC
does.
 V. THE BBC
 1932, BBC World Service  set up.

 WW II, identified with principle of

democracy + free speech.

 BBC’s fame  international.

 Today, broadcasting around the global

with 5 national radio stations
 VI.TELEVISION ORGANIZATION

 In terms of the size of its audience,

television has long since taken over from
radio as the most significant form of
broadcasting in Britain. Its dependence
from government interference is largely a
matter of tacit
 VI.TELEVISION ORGANIZATION
 BBC: no advertising
 Independent Television (ITV), started in 1954:
including advertising.
 When commercial television began, it was fear that
advertisers would have too much control over
programming and that the new channel would exhibit all
the worst features of tabloid journalism.
 Most importantly for the structure of commercial television,
ITV news programmes sponsored by individual television
companies
 The same fears about the quality of television programmes
that was expressed when ITV are now heard with regard to
satellite and cable television.
 VI.TELEVISION ORGANIZATION

The four channels:

1. BBCI: started in 1936
2. ITV : started in 1954
3. BBCII: started in 1964
4. The fourth channel: started in 1982
 VI. TELEVISION ORGANIZATION

 Besides, there is channel fine started

in 1997

 There is also a Welsh language

channel for viewers in Wales.
 VII.TELEVISION STYLE

 ITV did cause a change in the style and content of

other programmers show on television
 In it early years ITV captured nearly ¾ of BBC’s
audience
 BBC + ITV show a wide variety of programmers
=> Has constant competition with each other to
attract the largest audience.
 VII.TELEVISION STYLE

One of particular importance in the rating war

is the performance of the channel’s various
soap opera.
* British prefer kind of pseudo_ realism in the
soups.
*1982, British has two channel: BBC2+ Channel 4
+BBC2 : is famous for its dramatization of great
works of literature and documentary series.
+Channel 4: show a wide variety of programmes
catering to minority interests.
VII.TELEVISION STYLE

 1970: 94% of British households has

television set.
 1994: 40% watch > 3h / day
 16% watch 7h or >
THE MEDIA

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