COMMUNICATION

MODEL
Nature of communication model:

 Model refers to the representation of a process an event or a situation.

Communication model is a symbolic representation of the
communication process. It does not show the details of a message; rather
it presents only those elements which are related to the objectives of
sending a message.

 According to W.R Tracy, “Communication model is the representation

of a communication process and not any separate system; rather a simple
way to present the various objective oriented events.”
 
 Types of
Communicatio
n Model

 Aristotelian Persuation Model

 Hovland Model of communication
 The Newcomb Interpersonal model
 Shanon and Weaver’s Information Theory Model
 Collin’s and Guetzkuw’s Group Communication Model
 Thayer’s Organizational Model
 Wenburg and Wilmot’s Transactional Model
 Schramm's Model
 Berlo's Model
 Aristotelian
Persuation Model
 Messa
ge
Speake Listen
r er
This model is the
1. oldest and simplest
2. form of communication is persuasive in
nature
3. message flows in one way process
4. all the elements of communication are not
present, it includes only three elements of
communication. They are: speaker, message,
and listener/receiver.
Hovland Model Of
Communication
HOVLAND MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

message
Speaker Listener
This model of communication is
 almost similar to Aristotle communication
model

 Listeners are predetermined

 They also give their reaction to the speaker
 The Newcomb
Interpersonal Model
The Newcomb Interpersonal Model
 
Theodore Newcomb (1953) see communication from the social
psychology view. This model also known as ABX model. This model
draw that someone (A) sending information to the other one (B) about
something (X). That model assume that A's orientation to B and to X is
depend to each other. And three of them is a system which content four
orientation.

1. A to X orientation
2. A to B orientation
3. B to X orientation
4. B to A orientation

In this model, communication is a normal and effective way which

make people can orient their self to their environment. It's a intentional
communication act model of 2 people.
Shanon and Weaver’s
Information Model
SHANON AND WEAVER’S INFORMATION
MODEL

Feed back

Feedback
 4 . Shanon and Wave r ’ s Information T heor y Model:
 This model involves an information sources which selects a desired message, a
transmitter which changes the message and it is sent through some communication
channel to a receiver to whom the message was originally intended.
A noise source means any interference with the transmission and reception
of the message. The noise may be of two types:
a. Mechanical noise: It comes from any mechanical source.
b. Semantic Noise: Semantic noise is the difference between the meaning
intended by the sender and the receiver of the message.
COLLIN’S AND
GUETZKUW’S GROUP
COMMUNICATION
MODEL
 Collin’s and Guetzkuw’s Group Communication Model

FIGURE

1
Task

2
4

3
5
People

6
 Collin’s and Guetzkuw’s Group Communication model
 Collins and Guetzkow’s model of decision-making groups is a perfect
illustration of an uncomplicated yet influential theory. “This simple
model captures the major themes of research on task groups, and it
illustrates the input-process-output approach very well” The general
context of Collins and Guetzkow’s theory suggests the following: a) task
groups encounter two types of obstacles, b) the group produces behaviors
related to those obstacles c) those behaviors contribute to the group’s
final output and productivity, and d) two rewards result in the end that
“determine what behaviors will be learned and maintained in response to
future obstacles” There are several fundamental rudiments involved with
Collins and Guetzkow’s theory.  As previously mentioned, task groups
will first come across two kinds of obstacles: task and interpersonal. 
Collins and Guetzkow (1964) defined a task obstacle as “a particular
aspect of the total task environment which blocks, inhibits, or limits
group productivity”.  Interpersonal obstacles are dilemmas “presented by
the behaviors of other members of the group-
THAYER’S
ORGANISATIONAL
MODEL
 THAYER’S ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL

Technological Organizational

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal
 Thayer’s Organizational model attempts to show or to replace the
individuals communication efforts within the large organizational
communication setting which influences him or her. It is based on level
of communication. The levels are-
 1.Organisational
 2.Interpersonal
 3.Intrapersonal
 4.Technogocal which are derived from four basic sources or determinants
of human communication behavior. This basic sources are- physiological,
psychological, sociological and technological.
WENBURG’S AND
WILMOT’S
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
 Transactional Model

Sender Receiver
Encoding Decoding
Medium
Decoding Encoding
Receiver Sender

Feedback

Message
 The transactional model represents communication as a process of
simultaneous message exchange. According to Wenburg and Wilmot
 “ all persons are engaged in sending encoding and receiving (decoding)
messages simultaneously. Each person is constantly sharing others”
 The transactional model emphasizes the idea that communication is
mutual as well as reciprocal.
BERLO'S MODEL
BERLO'S SMCR MODEL
 Berlo's Model:
 Another famous communication model is Berlo's model. In this
model, he stresses on the relationship between the person sending the
message and the receiver.
 According to this model, for the message to be properly encoded and
decoded, the communication skills of both the source and the receiver
should be at best. The communication will be at its best only if the
two points are skilled.
 Berlo's model has four main components and each component has its
own sub components describing the assisting factors for each.
 

SCHRAMM'S MODEL
SCHRAMM'S COMMUNICATION MODEL
 Schramm's Model:
 Schramm on the other hand, emphasized in 1954 that both the sender and
the receiver take turns playing the role of the encoder and the decoder
when it comes to communication.
   These models have been followed by various other models such as
the 'Helical' model, Aristotle's models and several other models.
 You should always keep in mind that each of these models has both
their advantages and disadvantages. While some communication
models try to break down the whole process in order to make it easier
to understand, they are not always as simple as they seem.
 There are several complexities involved in communications models.
This is one thing that needs to be carefully understood in the process
of understanding how these models work.
MOST ACCEPTABLE COMMUNICATION MODEL:
 From the all model of communication Transactional model is considered
to be the most acceptable on the following ground:
 It brings fulfillment in communication process because all the elements
of communication process are present here.
 Without any feedback communication is supposed to be incomplete. The
transactional model emphasizes more on feedback and therefore, gives a
full view of communication process.
 Transactional model of communication reflects simplicity and thereby,
anybody can easily understand the actual content of the message sent.
 Obtaining the concise and complete information through exchanging the
message between the sender and the receiver under transactional model,
the decision making task is very simple.
Speaker message Listener
The

End