To Study The Effect of Addition of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate On Strength and Durability of Concrete

dissertation Phase – 1
2730003
TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF

LIGHTWEIGHT EXPANDED CLAY AGGREGATE ON
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF CONCRETE
PREPARED BY : GUIDED BY : co-guided by :

KISHAN PATEL(171160720010) M.E. PROF.
(STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING) DR. SIDDHARTH G. KEDAR DESAI
SHAH MEFGI, RAJKOT MEFGI, RAJKOT
FACULTY OF P.G.STUDIES, MEFGI,RAJKOT 1

Flow of presentation
Introduction
Literature Review
Research gap
Objectives
Need of the Study
Scope of the work
Experiment work
Work plan
References
Introduction
• Concrete is a composite material and is analogous mixture of cement,
fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water.
• The word concrete is derived from a Latin word “concretus”, which
means compact or condensed.
• Mixing of raw materials in a definite proportion shall result in good
quality of concrete.
• Due to hydration reaction between the raw materials, concrete
hardens, and this reaction continues to the duration where maximum
strength is reached.

Types of concrete
Based on the materials used in the production, its performance & resistance against
loading, concrete can be classified as
• High performance concrete.
• Self compacting concrete.
• Light weight concrete.
• Fibre reinforced concrete
• Ultra high performance concrete.
• Self consolidating concrete.
• Pervious concrete.
Among these different types of concrete, light weight concrete is considered for the
present work.
Light weight concrete
• The concrete which is of low density and less weight due to the
presence of large amount of air voids in it is known as light weight
concrete.
• It can also be defined as the concrete whose density (1440 to 1840
kg/m3) is comparatively Less then the normal conventional concrete
(2240 to 2400 kg/m3) is termed as light weight concrete.

Classification of light weight concrete
• Based on the method of production, light weight concrete are shown in figure
FIG:1 Light weight aggregate concrete FIG:2 Aerated concrete FIG:3 No fines concrete
6
Types of light weight aggregates
Light weight coarse aggregates are classified into two groups they are
natural aggregates & artificial aggregates.
Natural aggregates
• The aggregates which are of volcanic origin and are not of uniform
quality, shape and size are known as Natural aggregates.
• The hot volcanic lava explodes, the molten material cools and forms a
hard rocky state. Low density of these aggregates is due to existence of
air voids in the fluid magma which is captivated during cooling. Some
of the natural light weight aggregates are pumice (sp gravity: 0.64),
diatomite (sp gravity-1.25), tuff (sp gravity-0.40) etc….
Types of light weight aggregates
Light weight coarse aggregates are classified into two groups they
are natural aggregates & artificial aggregates.
Artificial aggregates
• The aggregates which are not of natural origin, but are manufactured
artificially are known as artificial aggregates. Some of the artificial
aggregates are brick bats, foamed slag, expanded perlite, Expanded
Clay Aggregates (ECA), etc….

Expanded Clay Aggregates (ECA)
• It is the type of artificial light weight aggregate which are obtained by baking the
raw material i.e. clay at very high temperature (12000C) in the rotary kiln.
• The process of manufacture of ECA is popularly known as pyroclastic process.
• The expulsion of gases during the baking process of clay will result in formation
of small vesicles which therefore forms a honey combed pattern on the end
product.
FIG 4 :- ECA 8-15 mm FIG 5 :- ECA 2-8 mm

Properties of Expanded Clay Aggregates
• Expanded Clay Aggregate (ECA) is a lightweight aggregate and it’s
porosity is more & density is less.
• It has high thermal insulation.
• The researchers have proved that it has good sound insulation property.
• Since it is processed in rotary kiln at high temperature during its
manufacturing, hence the structures made up of it can have better fire
resistance.
• Since the degree of porosity is high, the percentage of water absorption
will also be high.

Properties of Expanded Clay Aggregates
Table -1 Chemical properties of LECA (nexus buildcon solutions)
Element Percentage in ECA
SiO2 (silicon dioxide ) 48

Fe2O3 (ferric oxide) 16.8
Al2O3 (Aluminium oxide) 16.24
Na2O (Sodium oxide) 1.1
K2O (Potassium oxide) 0.7
MgO (Magnesium oxide) 0.56
CaO (Calcium oxide) 0.42
LOI (Loss on ignition) 16
Moisture 12.73

Advantages of Expanded Clay Aggregates
ECA when used in concrete to produce lightweight concrete has several
advantages as following:
• Decreases the dead load of the structure. This result in less size of the
elements as well as reduces material uses and cost.
• Good Thermal and Sound insulation due to high porosity of
aggregates.
• Since it is light in weight, effect of earth quake on the structure will
decrease.
• Speed of construction is high.

Applications of Expanded Clay Aggregates
• In recent days the structures are constructed with light weight
aggregates in order to decrease the dead load of the structure. Hence it
has wide applications in construction field.
• It is also used in the pavement construction.
• Due to its light in weight, decomposable nature, thermal insulating
property and structural stability it can be used for flooring & roofing.
• It can be also used in agricultural field.
• Due to its porous nature, it can be used in house waste water
treatments as filters.

Literature review
Sr. Author Title Discussion
no
1 R. structural The paper show that specific gravity of expanded clay aggregate is 16
Vijayalaksh Concrete using to 46% less than the weight of the normal weight aggregate, and the water
mi , S. Expanded absorption is high.
Ramanagop Clay The fresh and mechanical properties of concrete made with expanded
al. (Publish Aggregate: A clay aggregate concrete was also summarized.
by Indian Review Expanded Clay aggregate concretes have the 28-day compressive
Journal Of strengths in the range of 23-60 MPa, with a density ranging between 1290-
science and 2044 kg / m 3.
technology.
April 2018)

Literature review
no
2 R.N.Raj Experimental In this paper researcher Replace Natural Coarse Aggregate With the
Prakash, Study On LECA by 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. And Find the Compressive
A. Krishna- Light Weight strength, Spilt Tensile Strength and Flexural strength.
moorti. Concrete The 28 days Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete Was Found
(Publish by Using LECA. 31.58 N/mm^2 and Weight of Cube is 8.4 Kg and 28 days Compressive
Internationa Strength of 20% and 40% LECA content was found as 29.85 and 25.40
l Journal of N/mm2 And Weight of cube is 7.1 and 6.9 Kg Respectively.
ChemTech
Research,
2017)

Literature review
no
3 M. Mahdy Structural In order to obtain High Strength concrete, LECA was treated by
(Publish by Lightweight solution of silica fume of different concentration by weight of mixing
Internationa Concrete water.
l journal of Using Cured The Economic Silica Fume Content for Lightweight concrete is 10%.
Engineering LECA.
and
Innovative
Technology.
2016)

Literature review
no
4 F.M. Strength In This paper author investigated the effects of using LECA (as both
Wegian. properties of fine and coarse aggregates, and using sand and gravel as partial
(Australian lightweight replacements of LECA) on the workability, compressive strength and
Journal of concrete made tensile strength of concrete mixes with different cement contents. The test
Civil with LECA results was compared to those of normal concrete.
Engineering grading The highest value of compression strength of LECA was obtained when
.Publish by the two parts of LECA were replaced by two parts of dolomite or gravel as
Taylor & medium and coarse aggregate.
Francis,
2015.)

Literature review
no
5 M.E.Dilli , A comparison In order to express the influence of matrix strength on determined

H.N.Atahan of strength and properties, the concrete mixture is designed with different matrix strengths
, C. Sengül. elastic was designed by keeping the total aggregate volume constant. For this
(Constructio properties purpose, the ratio of water to cementitious material and the quantity of
n and between cement material are changed.
building conventional The results showed that the LWAC compressive strength very between
materials. and 20 MPa to 70 MPa depending on the unit weight of the concrete.
Published lightweight At the same range of compressive strength, the LWAC mixture showed
by Elsevier structural that the decrease in MOE and more brittle behavior compared to the CC
Ltd.2015.) concretes mixture. On the other hand, the Poisson's ratio of LWAC and CC mixtures
designed with are similar values.
expanded clay
aggregates

Literature review
no
6 Lenka Behavior of The moisture content in concrete is fundamental factor which cause
Bodnarova, Lightweight explosive spalling while thermal loading. Due to water evaporation, the
R. Hela, Expanded pores are loaded by additional pressure. If the pressure of vapour is higher
Michala Clay than the flexure strength of cement paste, the cement paste breaks and the
Hubertova, Aggregate micro-cracks or explosive spalling is occurring.
I.Novakova. Concrete The compactness and bearing capacity of light weight concrete with
(Internation Exposed to higher moisture content was disrupt at temperature 700°C which is equalled
al Scholarly High to 20 minutes of fire.
and Temperatures
Scientific
Research &
Innovation,
Vol:8,No:12
.2014)

Literature review
no
7 M. Durability of The researcher evaluated lightweight concrete based on the durability

Hubertova , Light weight of concrete in aggressive chemical and gaseous environments such as high
Rudolf Expanded concentrations of sulphate, chloride ion, Automotive gas, Oil, Gaseous CO 2
Hela. Clay and SO2 environment.
(Procedia Aggregate After evaluating the results of 40 mixed designs with diverse
Engineerin, Concrete characteristics and economic aspects, batches containing 5% by volume of
Published meta kaolin can be considered very effective.
by Elsevier
Ltd. 2013)

Literature review
no
8 J. Alexandre Self- The concrete self- compactability was evaluated based on the usual
Bogas, compacting slump flow, V-funnel, L-box and U-box tests.
Augusto lightweight The compressive strength of SCLC produced with LECA is similar to
Gomes, concrete that of SCNC. Since the density of SCLC made with LECA is about 15%
M.F.C. produced with less than that of SCNC, it means that it was possible to produce structural
Pereira. expanded clay lightweight self-compacting concrete with higher structural efficiency.
(Constructio aggregate
n and
Buildind
Material,
Published
by Elsevier
Ltd.2012)

Literature review
no
9 F. Sajedi, High- Strength By Using the both LECA and Silica Fume, high strength Lightweight
p. Shafigh. Lightweight concrete are obtained, The important role of silica fume in the production of
(Arab J. Sci. Concrete high- strength lightweight concrete is to fill the voids and improve the
Eng. Using LECA, compressive strength. also lime stone has a significant role in the
Publish by Silica Fume, improvement of mechanical properties of lightweight concretes.
Springer, and Lime The use of Limestone in lightweight concrete result in the flexural
2012) Stone. strength increase up to 40% .
Curing Condition of lightweight concrete have a significant role in the
final compressive strength. In this paper show that there was an 18%
reduction in the compressive strength of specimens cured in air compare to
the specimens cured in water.

Literature review
no
10 S.Subas The Effect of In this Paper researcher determine the effect of use of fly ash in
(Scientific using fly ash expanded clay aggregate concrete on mechanical strength for that various
Research on high cement content and fly ash content are use among which 450 Kg/m 3 cement
and Essay strength and 10% fly ash replacement give the best strength value. The Compressive
Publish by Lightweight strength increased by 8% and Spilt Tensile Strength increased by 9%.
Academic concrete
Journals, produced with
2009 ) expanded clay
aggregate.

Summary of Literature Review
• The Density of Concrete decrease as Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate content
increased, The incorporation of LECA as a coarse aggregate can cause 15% to 40%
Lesser density of concrete, The incorporation of LECA as a fine aggregate can reduce the
density by 25% to 35%,
• while reduction level fluctuated from 30% to 45% can obtained when LECA was used as
both fine and coarse aggregate
• The mechanical strength decrease as LECA content increased. The reduction in
compressive strength could be in the range of 10% to 45% when LECA was used as
coarse aggregate and 15% to 55% when LECA was used as fine aggregate, while
reduction could be in the range of 10% to 65% when LECA was used as both fine and
coarse aggregate.
• To modify some properties of concrete containing LECA add some material like silica
fume, fly ash, slag, steel fibre's, polypropylene fibre's can be used to increasing
mechanical strength.

Research gap
• Most of the research work is found focusing on the strength of light
weight concrete, it was found that compare to ordinary concrete, light
weight concrete’s strength is less by 10% to 65%. Significant efforts
were made by various researchers to increase or to maintain its
strength at par with ordinary concrete by various admixture or material
like Ploy ethylene glycol, Poly carboxylate ester, silica fume, fly ash.
• However, vary less work is reported on the durability aspect of such
light weight concrete particularly artificial aggregate like expanded
clay aggregate are rare.

Objectives
• To check the feasibility of concrete with partial replacement of
expanded clay aggregate.
• Decide the optimum dose of expanded clay aggregate with
replacement of natural aggregate for maximum strength
• To study the durability of the concrete with expanded clay aggregate.

Need of The Study
• The Lightweight Concrete has many advantages as compare to
conventional concrete. It has significant application on the structure,
the featuring lightly gives several functions on of thermal and acoustic
insulation and reduce the weight of the structure, which reduce
structural element size and steel reinforcement, thus lower the cost of
construction

Scope of Work
TEST ON LECA Completed
Test on concrete
AGGREGATE
On Going
Workability Durability Strength

Pending
slump Compression Split-Tensile

(IS 1199-1959) (IS 516-1959) (IS 5816-1999)
Accelerated Rapid Chloride

Water Absorption Sorptivity
corrosion Penetration Acid attack
(IS 1124-1974) (ASTM C 1585-04)
(ASTM G 109) ASTM C 1202

Scope of Work
impact value
test
crushing value
test
TEST ON LECA
AGGREGATE
abrasion value
test
water
absorption test

Scope of Work
Compressive Split Tensile Accelerated Water Rapid Chloride Acid Attack
Concrete Mix Sorptivity Test
Test Test Corrosion Test Penetration Test Penetration Test Test
Days 7 28 7 28 7 28 7 28 7 28 7 28 7 28
Normal
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3
Concrete
LECAC -25% 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3
LECAC -50% 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3
LECAC -75% 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3
LECAC-100% 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3

TOTAL 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 5 5 15 15
LECAC- Light Weight Expanded clay aggregate Concrete

Number indicate % of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Replaced by Natural Coarse Aggregate.
Experiment work
Pilot Study
• Cement
• Coarse Aggregate
• Fine Aggregate(Sand)
• Expanded Clay Aggregate
• Water

Natural Coarse Aggregate (10 mm):
Physical Property Value
Specific Gravity 2.7
Fineness Modulus 6.9
Water absorption (%) 0.5
FIG-6:- Natural Coarse Aggregate

Sieve analysis of 10 mm Coarse Aggregate
IS Sieve Weight Cumulative Weight Cumulative Percentage Cumulative Percentage
Size Retained(kg) Retained(kg) Weight Retained Weight Passing (%)
20 mm 0 0 0 100
10 mm 0.053 0.053 5.3 94.7
4.75 mm 0.818 0.871 87.1 12.9
2.36 mm 0.1 0.971 97.1 2.9
1.18 mm 0.029 1 100 0
600 μm 0 1 100 0
300 μm 0 1 100 0
150 μm 0 1 100 0
PAN 0 1 100 0
Total 1 689.5
Finess Modulus = Total cumulative percentage weight Retain/100 6.9

Natural Coarse Aggregate (20 mm):
Fineness Modulus 7.9
FIG-7:- Natural Coarse Aggregate

Sieve analysis of 20 mm Coarse Aggregate
Size Retained(kg) Retained(kg) Weight Retained (%) Weight Passing (%)
40 mm 0 0 0 100
20 mm 0.23 0.23 5.3 77
10 mm 0.69 0.92 87.1 8
4.75 mm 0.073 0.993 97.1 0.7
2.36 mm 0.007 1 100 0
1.18 mm 0 1 100 0
600 μm 0 1 100 0
300 μm 0 1 100 0
150 μm 0 1 100 0
PAN 0 1 100 0
Total 1 789.5
Finess Modulus = Total cumulative percentage weight Retain/100 7.9

Natural Fine Aggregate(Sand)
Fineness Modulus 3
FIG-8:- Natural Fine Aggregate

Sieve analysis of sand
Size Retained(kg) Retained(kg) Weight Retained (%) Weight Passing (%)
4.75 mm 0.004 0.004 0.2 99.8
2.36 mm 0.13 0.134 6.7 93.3
1.18 mm 0.747 0.881 44.05 55.8
600 μm 0.443 1.324 66.2 33.8
300 μm 0.433 1.762 88.1 11.9
150 μm 0.124 1.886 94.3 5.7
PAN 0.114 2
Total 2 299.55
Finess Modulus = Total cumulative percentage weight Retain/100 3

Expanded Clay Aggregate (size: 8-15 mm)
Physical Properties Value
Loos bulk density(kg/m3) 300
Crushing Strength (N/mm2) 0.8-1.89
Water absorption (%) 19
FIG-9:- ECA of size 8-15 mm

Expanded Clay Aggregate (size: 2-8 mm)
Loos bulk density (kg/m3) 600
Crushing Strength(N/mm2) 1.5-2.54
Water absorption (%) 16
FIG-10:- ECA of size 2-8 mm

Test on Expanded Clay Aggregate (size: 2-8 mm)
FIG 11:- Prepare The Sample For Impact FIG 12:- Impact Value Test
Value Test at MEFGI Laboratory At MEFGI Laboratory
FIG 13 :- Los Angeles Abrasion Value Test FIG 14 :- Crushing Value Test
At MEFGI Laboratory at MEFGI Laboratory 40
Test on Expanded Clay Aggregate (size: 2-8 mm)
impact value test 28.12 %
Crushing value 24.43 %
Los Angeles Abrasion Value

21.34%

Pilot Study M-30 Concrete Mix Design As Per
IS-10262:2009

Pilot Study M-30 Concrete Mix Design As Per IS-10262:2009

Pilot Study M-30 Concrete Mix Design As Per
IS-10262:2009
Material Required as per the mix design (IS 10262:2009)
Coarse Aggregate
Fine
Water Water Cement Fly Ash Superplasticizer
Aggregate
cement 10 mm 20 mm
Ratio
0.4
148.8 334.8 37.2 701.25 485.6 728.4 3.72
(kg/m^3) (kg/m^3) (kg/m^3) (kg/m^3) (kg/m^3) (kg/m^3) (kg/m^3)

Experiment work
• Batching & Preparation of Mould
The First step of casting of concrete is collecting material like as cement, fine aggregate,
coarse aggregate, water, expanded clay aggregate. and then prepare the mould.
FIG-15:- Batching FIG -16 Preparation of Mould

Mixing
FIG-17:- Mixing of Concrete FIG-18:- Mixing of Concrete

Slump Test
FIG-19:- slump test of Concrete

Placing & Compacting
FIG-20:- Concrete Filling in Mould FIG- 21:- Competing of concrete FIG-22:- Specimen on Vibration Table

Curing
FIG-23:- Specimen Placing in Normal Curing

Compressive Strength Test
FIG-24:- setup Specimen

FIG-25:- Notated Result FIG-26:- cube after failure.
in compression machine

Experiment work Result
(Pilot Study Compression Test)
Strength
(MPa) average
Force
mix design specimen weight of NOTE
(KN)
number (7- days) strength
A-1 8.47 565.3 25.12

Normal A-2 8.62 547.9 24.35 24.70
A-3 8.57 554.5 24.64
50% B-1 7.4 380.9 16.93 50% replacement of coarse aggregate in 10
Replacement B-2 7.22 421.9 18.75 18.02 mm with 2-8 mm LECA and 20 mm with 8-15
of aggregate B-3 7.29 413.8 18.39 mm LECA
100% C-1 5.57 311.5 13.84 100% replacement of coarse aggregate in 10

Replacement C-2 5.97 309.7 13.76 13.90 mm with 2-8 mm LECA and 20 mm with 8-15
of aggregate C-3 5.9 317.1 14.09 mm LECA

(Pilot Study Compression Test)
Strength
(MPa) average
Force
(KN)
50% D-1 7.41 512.5 22.77

50% Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate With
Replacement D-2 7.57 518.2 23.02 22.80
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate D-3 7.48 508.9 22.61
100% E-1 6.67 487.1 21.64
Replacement E-2 6.57 449.4 19.97 20.81
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate E-3 6.61 468.5 20.82

(Pilot Study Split-Tensile Test)
Strength
(MPa) average
Force
(KN)
A-1 13.65 158.3 2.24

Normal A-2 13.61 153.3 2.17 2.15
A-3 13.50 144.1 2.04
50% B-1 11.61 119.4 1.69 50% replacement of coarse aggregate in 10
Replacement B-2 11.55 116.6 1.65 1.66 mm with 2-8 mm LECA and 20 mm with 8-15
of aggregate B-3 11.59 115.9 1.64 mm LECA
100% C-1 9.10 77.0 1.09 100% replacement of coarse aggregate in 10

Replacement C-2 9.03 80.5 1.14 1.12 mm with 2-8 mm LECA and 20 mm with 8-15
of aggregate C-3 9.14 79.8 1.13 mm LECA

(Pilot Study Split-Tensile Test)
Strength
(MPa) average
Force
(KN)
50% D-1 11.51 125.7 1.78

Replacement D-2 11.62 134.2 1.90 1.89
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate D-3 11.57 140.6 1.99
100% E-1 10.42 100.3 1.71
Replacement E-2 10.41 125.7 1.78 1.73
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate E-3 10.33 120.1 1.70

(Slump Test Result)
Mix Design LECA(%) Slump Values (mm)
F 0 56
G 25 74
H 50 68
I 75 65
J 100 47
FIG 27- Slump Test at MEFGI Laboratory

(Compression Test)
Strength
(MPa) average
Force
(KN)
F-1 8.47 565.3 25.12

Normal F-2 8.62 547.9 24.35 24.7
F-3 8.57 554.5 24.64
25% G-1 7.81 504.8 22.43
Replacement G-2 7.85 512.2 22.76 22.5
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate G-3 7.78 501.2 22.27
50% H-1 7.41 504.8 22.77
Replacement H-1 7.57 512.2 23.02 22.8
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate H-1 7.48 502.1 22.61

(Compression Test)
Strength
(MPa) average
force(K
N)
75% I-1 6.9 315.4 22.12

75% replacement of coarse aggregate With 2-8
replacement I-2 6.81 293.7 20.56 21.72
mm LECA
of aggregate I-3 6.95 314.4 22.48
100% J-1 6.09 315.4 21.64
100% replacement of coarse aggregate With 2-
replacement J-2 6.03 293.7 19.97 20.81
8 mm LECA
of aggregate J-3 6.11 314.4 20.82

(Split-Tensile Test)
Strength
(MPa) average
Force
(KN)
F-1 13.65 158.3 2.24

Normal F-2 13.61 153.3 2.17 2.15
F-3 13.50 144.1 2.04
25% G-1 12.25 142.0 2.01
Replacement G-2 12.41 146.2 2.07 2.05
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate G-3 12.43 146.3 2.07
50% H-1 11.51 125.7 1.78
Replacement H-1 11.62 134.2 1.90 1.89
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate H-1 11.57 140.6 1.99

Strength
(MPa) average
Force
(KN)
75% I-1 11.02 118.6 1.68

Replacement I-1 11.12 110.2 1.58 1.65
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate I-1 11.25 119.4 1.69
100% J-1 9.70 100.3 1.71
Replacement J-2 9.76 125.7 1.78 1.73
2-8 mm LECA
of aggregate J-3 9.68 120.1 1.70

(Compression Test)
Weight Percentage of Weight Strength Percentage of Strength
Specimen
(kg) Reduction (%) (MPa) Reduction (%)
F-0 8.55 0 24.70 0
G-25 7.81 8.65 22.80 5.28
H-50 7.49 12.44 22.50 6.52
I-75 6.89 19.45 21.72 9.76
J-100 6.08 28.93 20.81 13.54

Weight Percentage of Weight Strength Percentage of Strength
Specimen
(kg) Reduction (%) (MPa) Reduction (%)
F-0 13.59 0 2.15 0
G-25 12.36 9.00 2.05 4.65
H-50 11.57 14.87 1.89 12.09
I-75 11.13 18.08 1.65 23.26
J-100 9.71 28.51 1.73 19.53

Work plan
Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
Understading the property of LECA
Literature Review
pilot study
Actual parametric study (strength aspect)
Actual parametric study

(Durability aspect)
Comparision of result with normal
concrete
final report generation

References
• 1) R. Vijayalakshmi and S. Ramanagopal, "Structural Concrete Using Expanded Clay Aggregate: A
Review," Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 11, no. 16, pp. 1-12, April 2018.
• 2) M. C. Nepomuceno, L. Pereira-de-Oliveira and S. F. Pereira, "Mix design of structural lightweight

self-compacting concrete incorporating coarse lightweight expanded clay aggregates," Construction
and Building Materials, vol. 166, pp. 373-385, 2018.
• 3) M. E. Dilli, H. N. Atahan and C. Sengul, "A Comparison of Strength and Elastic Properties
Between Conventional and Lightweight Structural Concretes Designed with Expanded Clay
Aggregate," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 101, pp. 260-267, 2015.
• 4) F. Wegian, "Strength Properties of Lightweight Concrete made with LECA grading," Australian
Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 11-22, Nov. 2015.

References
• 5) Y. He, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang and Y. Zhou, "Effect of Particle Characteristic of Lightweight Aggregate on
Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete," Construction And Building Materials(Elsevier), vol.
72, pp. 270-282, 2014.
• 6) L. Bodnarova, R. Hela, M. Hubertova and I. Novakova, "Behavior of lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate
Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures," International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, vol. 8,
no. 12, pp. 1210-1213, 2014.
• 7) A. Ardakani and M. Yazdani, "The Relation Between Partial Density and Static Elastic Moduli of Lightweight
Expanded Clay Aggregates," Applied Clay Science, Vols. 93-94, pp. 28-34, 2014.
• 8) S. Subasi, "The effect of using fly ash on high strength lightweight concrete produced with expanded clay
aggregate," Scientific Research and Essay, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 275-288, 2009.
• 9) F. Sajedi and P. Shafigh, "High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Using LECA, Silica Fume and Limestone,"
Arab J Sci Eng, vol. 37, pp. 1885-1893, 2012.

References
• 10) M. Hubertova and R. Hela, "Durability of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete," Procedia
Engineering(Elsevier), vol. 65, pp. 2-6, 2013.
• 11) J. A. Bogas, A. Gomes and M. F.C. Pereira, "Self-compacting Lightweight Concrete Produced with
Expanded Clay Aggregate," Construction and Building Material, vol. 35, pp. 1013-1022, 2012.
• 12) H. AL-Khaiat and N. Haque, "Strength and Durability of Lightweight and Normal Weight Concrete,"
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 11, pp. 231-235, 1999.
• 13) R. N. Prakash and A. Krishnamoorthi, "Experimental Study On Light Weight Concrete Using Leca,"
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To Study The Effect of Addition of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate On Strength and Durability of Concrete

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To Study The Effect of Addition of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate On Strength and Durability of Concrete

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dissertation Phase – 1

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF

PREPARED BY : GUIDED BY : co-guided by :

FACULTY OF P.G.STUDIES, MEFGI,RAJKOT 1

FACULTY OF P.G.STUDIES, MEFGI,RAJKOT 3

FACULTY OF P.G.STUDIES, MEFGI,RAJKOT 5

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FIG 4 :- ECA 8-15 mm FIG 5 :- ECA 2-8 mm

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Element Percentage in ECA

SiO2 (silicon dioxide ) 48

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5 M.E.Dilli , A comparison In order to express the influence of matrix strength on determined

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7 M. Durability of The researcher evaluated lightweight concrete based on the durability

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Workability Durability Strength

slump Compression Split-Tensile

Accelerated Rapid Chloride

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LECAC- Light Weight Expanded clay aggregate Concrete

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Physical Property Value

Specific Gravity 2.7

Fineness Modulus 6.9

Water absorption (%) 0.5

FIG-6:- Natural Coarse Aggregate

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Physical Property Value

Specific Gravity 2.6

Fineness Modulus 7.9

Water absorption (%) 0.45

FIG-7:- Natural Coarse Aggregate

FACULTY OF P.G.STUDIES, MEFGI,RAJKOT 34

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Physical Property Value

Specific Gravity 2.67

Water absorption (%) 0.78

FIG-8:- Natural Fine Aggregate

FACULTY OF P.G.STUDIES, MEFGI,RAJKOT 36

FACULTY OF P.G.STUDIES, MEFGI,RAJKOT 37

Physical Properties Value

Loos bulk density(kg/m3) 300

Crushing Strength (N/mm2) 0.8-1.89

Water absorption (%) 19