Review

•Electricity is a form of energy that

can be carried by wires and is used
for heating and lighting, and to
provide power for machines.
 Ohm’s Law

V •Ohm’s Law.
V •Current
•Voltage
A Ω •Resistance
I R
 What is an Electric
Circuit?
Circuits control the movement of
electric current by providing paths
for electrons to follow. The path of
an electric circuit is a closed loop.
 Series Circuit
In a Series Circuit there is only one path for the
electric current or electricity to flow.
Rules in Series
Circuit
1. The current in the circuit is constant. This
means that the current in all parts of the circuit
is the same.
 Mathematically, one might write

I battery
 = I  = I  = I  = ...
1 2 3

I=10A
2. The total voltage in the circuit is equal to the
sum of the individual voltage across the
components of the circuit
This concept can be expressed mathematically by the
following equation:
ΔV = ΔV  + ΔV  + ΔV  + ...
battery  1 2 3

I=10 A

5
V total=?
How would you describe in words
the connection
shown in this figure
Parallel Connection
 Parallel Circuits
• In parallel circuits the current can
take more than one path.
In a parallel circuit, there are multiple pathways by
which current can flow. The connection of the
resister shows that there is a point in the circuit
where the wires branch off from each other
Rules in Parallel
Circuit
1. The voltage across all branches in a parallel
circuit s the same in each branch. In symbols
T
V  = V  = V  = V  = ...
1 2 3

220V 220V 220V 220V

•   The reciprocal of equivalent resistance of
2.
resistors connected in parallel is equal to the sum
of the reciprocals of the resistance values.
=+++…..
3. The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to
the sum of the currents in each branch. The total
current is distributed among the devices
connected to the circuit.
The amount of current passing through each
resistor depends on each resistance.
 Sample Problem no. 1

 
The analysis begins by using the resistance values for the individual resistors
in order to determine the equivalent resistance of the circuit.
=+++…..
equation
=++=
Substitute value

= 4.29 Ω

Box your Final Answer

 Sample Problem no. 1 V
4.29 Ω

I R
Now that the equivalent resistance is known, the current in the battery can be
determined using the Ohm's law equation. In using the Ohm's law equation to
determine the current in the battery, it is important to use the battery voltage
for ΔV and the equivalent resistance for R

Itot =   ΔV
  battery
R eq   
60 
  V
Itot =  4.29063  Ω
Itot = 14.0 amp