PHYSICAL EDUCATION 3

(VOLLEYBALL)
INSTUCTOR: MR. RICARDO BARCELO
l. HISTORY
 In 1895, Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA), William G Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a
new game called "mintonette” as a pastime to be played preferably indoors and by any number of players.

 Alfred T. Halstead noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the
International YMCA Training School and proposed that the name "mintonette" be replaced by "Volley Ball”
and this name was accepted by Morgan. The game quickly became known as volleyball.

 The first country outside the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900.

 1910 - Elwood S. Brown, the director of YMCA Manila introduced the game to the Filipino people.

 1916: In the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another
player (the set and spike) were introduced.
 1918 - The number of players per team was limited to six players only.

 1919 - About 16,000 volleyballs were distributed by the American Expeditionary Forces to their troops and allies,
which sparked the growth of volleyball in new countries.

 1920 - Three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.

 1924 - Volleyball was played as part of an American sports demonstration event during the Summer Olympics in
Paris.

 1947 - The Federation Internationale de Volleyball was founded in Paris.

 1957 - A special tournament was held at the 53rd IOC session in Sofia, Bulgaria to include the game in the
Olympics. The competition was a success, and the sport was officially included in the program for the 1964 Summer
Olympics
 1969 - The executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.

 1987 - The FIVB added a beach Volleyball World Championship Series

 1996 - The FIVB introduced a new specialist role: the libero .

 1998 - Volleyball used a new scoring system. Teams scored a point on every rally (rally point system), regardless
of which team served. Formerly, a team could only win a point if it served the ball. Winning the serve back from
the opposition was known as a side-out.

 2000 - FIVB allowed serves in which the ball touches the net, as long as it goes over the net into the opponents'
court.

 2016 - The Challenge Review System was first used in the Olympics held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
II. PLAYING AREA
Dimensions
- The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is a minimum of
3m wide on all sides.
- The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free from any obstruction.
- The free playing space shall measure a minimum of 7 m in height from the playing surface.

Lines on the Court

- All lines are 5 cm wide. They must be of a light color which is different from the color of the floor and
from any other line.

Boundary Lines - Two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing court.
Center line - The axis of the center line divides the playing court into two equal courts.
Attack Line - On each court, an attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3 m back from the axis of the center
line, marks the front zone.
• Zones and Areas

Front Zone – On each court the front zone is limited by the axis of the center line and the rear edge of the
attack line. The front zone is considered to extend beyond the side lines to the end of the free zone.

Service Zone - The service zone is a 9 m wide area behind each end line.

Substitution Zone - The substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack lines up to the scorer’s
table.

Libero Replacement Zone - The Libero Replacement zone is part of the free zone on the side of the team
benches, limited by the extension of the attack line up to the end line.

Warm –Up Area - Sized approximately 3 x 3 m located in both of the bench-side corners, outside the free zone.
III. EQUIPMENT
 Net
- Placed vertically over the center line there is a net whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m for men
and 2.24 m for women.
- The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 meters long, made of 10 cm square mesh.
 Antenna
- An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter, made of fiberglass or similar material.

 Ball
- The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather.
- Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weight is 260 – 280 grams.
 Posts
- The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance of 0.50-1 meter outside the sidelines.
- They are 2.55 meter high and preferably adjustable.
 IV. TEAM COMPOSITION
 12 Players
- Team Captain
 PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the team captain signs the score sheet and represents his/her team in the toss. When the ball is out
of play, only the team captain is authorized to speak to the referees.

 DURING THE MATCH and while on the court, the team captain is the game captain. When the team captain is not on the court,
the coach or the team captain must assign another player on the court, but not the Libero, to assume the role of game captain. This
game captain maintains his/her responsibilities until he/she is substituted, or the team captain returns to play, or the set ends.

 When the ball is out of play, only the game captain is authorized to speak to the referees:
- to ask for an explanation on the application or interpretation of the Rules, and also to submit the requests or questions of his/her
teammates.
- If the game captain does not agree with the explanation of the 1st referee, he/she may choose to protest against such decision and
immediately indicates to the 1st referee that he/she reserves the right to record an official protest on the score sheet at the end of the
match;
 - to ask authorization:
a) to change all or part of the equipment,
b) to verify the positions of the teams,
c) to check the floor, the net, the ball, etc.;
- in the absence of the coach to request time-outs and substitutions
 AT THE END OF THE MATCH, the team captain:
- thanks the referees and signs the score sheet to ratify the result;
- may, when it has been notified in due time to the 1st referee, confirm and record on the score sheet an official
protest regarding the referee’s application or interpretation of the rules.

 Libero

- The libero is a player specialized in defensive skills.

- His/her uniform is different from his/her teammates and cannot block or spike the ball when it is entirely
above the net.
- When the ball is not in play, the libero can replace any back row player, without prior notice to the officials.
 Player Specialization

- Setters have the task for orchestrating the offence of the team. They aim for the second touch and their main
responsibility is to place the ball in the air where the attackers can place the ball into the opponents' court for a point.

- Middle blockers or Middle hitters are players that can perform very fast attacks that usually take place near the
setter. They are specialized in blocking since they must attempt to stop equally fast plays from their opponents and
then quickly set up a double block at the sides of the court.

- Outside hitters or Left side hitters attack from near the left antenna. The outside hitter is usually the most
consistent hitter on the team and gets the most sets. Inaccurate first passes usually result in a set to the outside hitter
rather than middle or opposite. Since most sets to the outside are high, the outside hitter may take a longer approach,
always starting from outside the court sideline.

- Opposite hitters or Right-side hitters carry the defensive workload for a volleyball team in the front row. Their
primary responsibilities are to put up a well-formed block against the opponents' Outside Hitters and serve as a
backup setter. Sets to the opposite usually go to the right side of the antennae.
 1 Coach
- Throughout the match, conducts the play of his/her team from outside the playing court.
- He/she selects the starting line-ups, their substitutes and takes time-outs.

 Coaching Staff: one coach, a maximum of two assistant coaches,

 Medical Staff: one team therapist and one medical doctor

 References:

 https://www.fivb.com/en/volleyball/thegame_glossary/history

 https://www.volleyball.com/volleyball-101/history-of-volleyball/