wewb‡qvM

eZ©gvb mÂq n‡Z fwel¨r gybvdv AR©b,

m‡qi Dc‡hvwMZv eRvq ivLv Ges cÖe„w×
AR©‡bi Rb¨ `xN© ‡gqv‡` m‡qi e¨envi‡KB
wewb‡qvM e‡j| `xN© ‡gqv‡` Avw_©K jÿ¨
AR©b ev fwel¨r e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ wewb‡qvM
Kiv nq| weP¶Y wewb‡qvM ‡hgb `xN© ‡gqv‡`
m¤ú‡`i e…w× NUvq, ‡Zgwb Awe‡ePbv
cÖm~Z wewb‡qvM m¤ú‡`i n«vm NUvq|
 wewb‡qvM

wewb‡qv‡Mi wZb ¯Í¤¢ t

1. Zvij¨
2. wbivcËv
3. Avq ev cÖe…w×
Avgvi ‡Kvb ‡Kvb wewb‡qvM
weKí Av‡Q
• e¨vs‡Ki ‡cbkb ¯‹xg, mÂq wnmve, ¯’vqx
AvgvbZ
• exgv ‡Kv¤úvwbi wewfbœ ¯‹xg
• cuywRevRv‡ii wewfbœ wmwKDwiwUR,
BKy¨BwU, wgDPyq¨vj dvÛ, AjUvi‡bwUf
Bb‡fó‡g›U dvÛ, eÛ BZ¨vw`|
 Avw_©K cwiKíbv
fwel¨‡Zi Avw_©K ¯^v”Q›` jv‡fi Rb¨ Avw_©K cwiKíbv Kivi GLbB DrK…ó mgq| GKwU
DËg Avw_©K cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g fwel¨‡Zi Avw_©K Ae¯’v‡K mn‡RB wbqš¿b Kiv hvq|¯^cœ ev
j¶¨ AR©b Ki‡Z nq GKwU `xN©‡gqvw` Avw_©K cwiKíbv ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g|Avevi Rxe‡bi
c«wZwU c`‡¶‡c wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK evavi mv‡_ c«wZwbqZ mgš^q K‡i Pj‡Z nq|DËg
cš’vq mgš^q KivB nj Avw_©K cwiKíbvi Ask|Z‡e g‡b ivLv `iKvi ‡h, Avw_©K cwiKíbv
GKwU c«wµqv, ‡Kvb wewb‡qvM cY¨ bq|

GKRb e¨w³i Avw_©K Rxe‡bi QqwU ch©vqµwgK NUbvt A_©bxwZwe`Mb GKgZ ‡cvlb
K‡ib ‡h, GKRb e¨w³i Avw_©K Rxeb wb‡gœv³ QqwU ch©vqµwgK NUbv Øviv AvewZ©Z
nqt
1. c«viw¤¢K ‡ckv
2. ‡ckvMZ Dbœqb I cwievi c«wZcvjb
3. Aemi-c~e© I m‡e©v”P DcvR©‡bi eQi mg~n
4.mwµq Aemi
5. wbw¯Œq Aemi
6. ‡c«Šp ZË¡veavb
আর্থিক পরিকল্পনার ধাপসমূহ
1) eZ©gvb
7) cwiKíbv
Avw_©K Ae¯’v
ch©v‡jvPbv Iwbiƒcb
cyYwe©‡ePbv
2) e¨q I mÂq
wPwýZKiY

6) Avw_©K
cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘Z
I ev¯Íevqb

3) Avw_©K jÿ¨
wba©viY
5) SuywK, UvKvi gvb,
RxebhvÎv, e¨w³MZ
g~j¨‡eva, A_©‰bwZK
Dcv`vb we‡ePbv KiY I weKí
cwiKíbvmg~n g~j¨vqY
4) weKí
cwiKíbvmg~n
wPwýZKiY
 SMART INVESTOR m¤úwK©Z
aviYv
Smart Gi A¶i mg~n A¶i mg~n wb‡q SMART bq SMART
kãvejx
S Avwg wewb‡qvM Avwg e¨vsK mÂq,
Ki‡Z PvB| ‡cbkb ev Avw_©K
m¤ú` ev
Specific
wmwKDwiwU‡R
wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z
PvB|
M Avwg wKQy UvKv Avwg 20,000 UvKv
wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z
Measurable
PvB| PvB|

A Av‡qi m¤ú~Y© Ask LiP wbqš¿b K‡i mÂq

Achievable mÂq Ki‡Z PvB| Ki‡Z PvB|

R jUvwi wR‡Z wewb‡qvM Kivi Rb¨

Realistic wewb‡qvM Kie| mÂq ïi“ Kie|

T fwel¨‡Z ‡Kvb mg‡q gv‡m 2,000 UvKv

wewb‡qvM Kie| K‡i mÂq K‡i eQi
Time Bond
‡k‡l 24,000 UvKv
 wewb‡qvMKvixi SyuwK
‡cÖvdvBj
fwel¨‡Zi Avw_©K Pvwn`vmg~‡ni Zyjbvq A‡b‡Ki ‡¶‡Î m‡qi cwigvY Kg nIqv
¯^vfvweK| Giƒc ‡¶‡Î wewb‡qvMKvix Zvi m¤ú‡`i myôz e›U‡bi gva¨‡g
wewb‡qv‡Mi Avq e…w× Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wewfbœ m¤ú` ‡k«Yxi g‡a¨ SyuwKi ZviZg¨
wfbœ wfbœ| AwaK SyuwKi m¤ú`/wewb‡qvM n‡Z AvqI AwaK| ZvB wewb‡qvM
c«wµqvq m¤ú` e›Ub LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| GKRb wewb‡qvMKvix KZUyKy SyuwK
M«nY Ki‡eb Zv wbfi« Ki‡e Zvi cvwicvwk¦©K, Avw_©K I gvbwmK Ae¯’vi Dci| Avi
GUvB n‡jv wewb‡qvMKvixi SyuwK ‡c«vdvBj| ZvB wewb‡qvMKvix‡K Aek¨B Zvi
wb‡Ri SyuwK ‡c«vdvBj eyS‡Z n‡e| SyuwK ‡c«vdvBj eyS‡Z bx‡Pi c«‡kœi DËi
wewb‡qvMKvix‡K LyuR‡Z n‡et

(1) Avwg wK ai‡bi wewb‡qvMKvix?

(2) Avwg wK SyuwK wb‡Z c«¯‘Z?
(3) Avwg wK SyuwK wb‡Z Awb”QyK?
 Zvij¨, wbivcËv I Av‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i
wewb‡qvM c‡Y¨i QK
বাজার সমূহ বিনিয়োগ পণ্য সমূহ তারল্য নিরপত্তা আয় বিনিয়োগ হতে আয়ের উপর
আয়কর
ব্যাংকের চলতি হিসাব এ নেই বরং ব্যাংক কোন আয় নেই বিধায় আয়কর
জমা/বিনিয়োগ AZ¨vwa AwaK চার্জ আছে প্রযোজ্য নয়

K
ব্যাংকের সঞ্চয় হিসাব এ কম তবে ব্যাংক আয়কর প্রযোজ্য
জমা/বিনিয়োগ AwaK AwaK চার্জ আছে
ব্যাংকের স্থায়ী আমানত আয়কর প্রযোজ্য
হিসাব এ জমা/বিনিয়োগ মধ্যম AwaK মধ্যম
gy`ªv evRvi
আয়কর প্রযোজ্য, তবে বছরের
মোট ৬০,০০০ টাকা সঞ্চয়ের
পেনশন সঞ্চয় স্কীম মধ্যম AwaK মধ্যম ‍ওপর নির্দি ষ্ট হারে বিনিয়োগ রেয়াত
পাওয়া যায়
সরকারী সঞ্চয়পত্র মধ্যম AZ¨vwaK মধ্যম GB †ÿ‡Î AvqKi cÖ`vbKv‡j
AvqKi wi‡eU myweav
cvIqv hvq|
ইক্যুইটি মধ্যম AwaK Awbw`©ó আয়করমুক্ত
†NvwlZ jf¨vsk
বন্ড মধ্যম মধ্যম AwaK আয়কর প্রযোজ্য
cyuwR মিউচু য়াল ফান্ড মধ্যম AwaK AwaK আয়করমুক্ত

evRvi `xN© †gqv‡` আয়কর প্রযোজ্য তবে Impact

অল্টারনেটিভ কম বেশি AwaK Fund এর মাধ্যমে ব্যাপক
ইনভেস্টমেন্ট ফান্ড সামাজিক উন্নয়নের সুযোগ
আছে

Train the trainer 9

 Financial System

MOF

BSEC IDRA MCRA BB

Regulators Financial Markets

Government
Financial Institutions Financial Instruments
Money Circulation
 cyuwRevRvi
cyuwRevRv‡ii gva¨‡g wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i mÂq‡K wewfbœ
wmwKDwiwUR Bm¨yi gva¨‡g mPj I mÂvjb Kiv nq| welqwU GiKg bq
‡h, mÂqKvix Znwej e¨enviKvixi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i wmwKDwiwU‡Ri
wewbg‡q c~uwR Z_v Znwej mieivn K‡ib| G‡¶‡Î Znwej e¨enviKvix
KZ©…K c«¯—vweZ wmwKDwiwUR mÂqKvixi Pvwn`v I cQ‡›`i
mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© bvI n‡Z cv‡i| ‡mRb¨ evRvi ga¨¯’ZvKvixMb (÷K
‡e«vKvim, wgDP¨yqvj/AjUvi‡bwUf dvÛ e¨e¯’vcK, gv‡P©›U
e¨vsKvim BZ¨vw`) mÂqKvix‡K Zvi Pvwn`v I cQ‡›`i mv‡_
mvgÄm¨c~Y wmwKDwiwU‡R wewb‡qv‡Mi c_ cÖ`k©K I mvnvh¨Kvix
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| G·‡PÄ, wmwWweGj, wmwmwc BZ¨vw` AvZ¥-
wbqvgK ms¯’v mÂq Z_v wewb‡qvMKvix Ges Znwej e¨enviKvix‡K
GKwÎZ K‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ‡jb‡`b Kivi my‡hvM Ges wbivcËv myweav
cÖ`vb K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki cyuwRevRv‡ii wbqš¿K ms¯’v wnmv‡e evsjv‡`k
wmwKDwiwUR A¨vÛ G·‡PÄ Kwgkb (weGmBwm) KvR K‡i|
 cyuwRevRv‡i wewb‡qv‡Mi cb¨mg~n

BKz¨BwU †kqvi t & Bnv †Kv¤úvwbi cwi‡kvwaZ g~ja‡bi ÿz`ªZg Ask

hv‡Z wewb‡qvM Kivi gva¨‡g GKRb wewb‡qvMKvix hv †Kv¤úvbxi
gvwjKvbv ¯^‡Ë¡i AwaKvix nb|
`yB Dcv‡q BKz¨BwU‡Z wewb‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡it

cÖvBgvix gv‡K©‡Ui gva¨‡g (AvBwcI Av‡e`b K‡i)

†m‡KÛvix gv‡K©‡Ui gva¨‡g (÷K G•‡P‡Ä ZvwjKvfz³ †kqvi µ‡qi
gva¨‡g)

Bond (FYcÎ)t FYcÎ GKwU Pzw³wfwËK m¤§wZcÎ hv Bmy¨qvi Ges

FYcÎ ¯^Ë¡vwaKvixi gv‡S n‡q _v‡K Ges hvi Dci wewb‡qvMKvix
wbw`©ó nv‡i (Coupon Rate) wbw`©ó mg‡q my`/gybvdv †c‡q _v‡K|
†Kv¤úvwb, Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, miKvi, miKvix cÖwZôvb GB ai‡bi
FYcÎ Bmy¨ K‡i _v‡K|
 cyuwRevRv‡i wewb‡qv‡Mi cY¨mg~n

Bond (FYc‡Îi) ˆewkó¨t

1) Bmy¨Kvix t †Kv¤úvwb, Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, miKvi, miKvix ms¯’v, ivóª

2) Maturity t Aemvq‡bi mgq
3) Par Value / AwfwnZ g~j¨ t e‡Û DwjøwLZ g~j¨
4) Kzcb †iU t my` nvi

Traditional Bond (MZvbyMwZK FYcÎ)t MZvbyMwZK FYc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î my`nvi

¯’vqx _v‡K Ges wbw`©ó mgq cici cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

Zero Coupon Bond (k~b¨ Kzcb FYcÎ)t mvavibZ evÆvi wfwˇZ Bmy¨ Kiv
nq| AwfwnZ g~‡j¨i Kg g~‡j¨ Bmy¨ †gqv`v‡šÍi my`mn Avmj cÖ`vb Kiv nq
hv e‡Ûi AwfwnZ g~j¨|
 cyuwRevRv‡i wewb‡qv‡Mi
cY¨mg~n

CIS ev wgDPz¨qvj dvÛt CIS ev wgDPz¨qvj dvÛ n‡”Q

GK cÖKvi wewb‡qvM, †h wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g
wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i wbKU †_‡K BDwbU weµ‡qi
gva¨‡g A_© msMÖn K‡i m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcK †kqvi, FYcÎ,
¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM‡hvM¨ `wj‡j BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡`
wewb‡qvM K‡i Ges GB GKwÎZ wewb‡qvM†K
wewb‡qvM‡hvM¨ `wj‡j iƒcvšÍi K‡i| hv wgDPz¨qvj
dv‡Ûi †cvU©‡dvwjI bv‡g cwiwPZ| cÖwZ BDwb‡Ui
wewb‡qvMKvix H dv‡Ûi gvwjKvbvi Ask cÖvc¨ nq Ges
†mB Abyhvqx wewb‡qvMKvix Avq †c‡q _v‡K|
 cyuwRevRv‡i wewb‡qvM
c‡Y¨i wewfbœ ˆewkó¨ Common
(mvaviY †kqvi)
share Bond (&FYcÎ) Debenture Mutual Fund (Uªv÷
(FY ¯^xKvi AvKv‡i MwVZ dvÛ)
cÎ)
1) Ownership of Claims (gvwjKvbv nu¨v bv bv n¨uv
¯^Ë¡ `vex Kiv)
2) Investor Income (wewb‡qvMKvixi Avq) jf¨vsk Ges ewa©Z ïaygvÎ my` ïaygvÎ my` jf¨vsk Ges ewa©Z
g~jabx Avq g~jabx Avq
3) Voting right (gZ cÖ`v‡bi AwaKvi) nu¨v bv bv n¨uv
4) Contractual Agreement (Pzw³wfwËK bv nu¨v nu¨v bv
m¤§wZ)
5) Nature of Income (Avq aiY) cwieZ©bkxj ¯’vqx ¯’vqx cwieZ©bkxj
6) Collateral Backing (mnRvgvbZ) bv n¨uv n¨uv n¨uv
7) Types of Security (Rvgvb‡Zi aiY) AmyiwÿZ (Unsecured) myiwÿZ Ges AmyiwÿZ AmyiwÿZ
AmyiwÿZ (Unsecured)
8) Risk Involvement (SzuwKi Ae¯’vb) jf¨vsk I cyuwRi wewb‡qvM wewb‡qvM †ÿ‡Îi
†ÿ‡Î(cwiPvjbMZ Avq I wewb‡qvMK… K…Z A_© SyuwK
e¨emvi Ae¯’v) Z A_© cÖ`v‡b cÖ`v‡b
AÿgZv AÿgZv
9)Liquidity (Zvij¨) †h †Kvb mgq †gqv`v‡šÍ †gqv`v‡šÍ mvaviYZ †h †Kvb mgq
10) µge„w× (Growth) ¯’vqx wbw`©ó wbw`©ó wewb‡qv‡Mi Dci
wbf©ikxj
11) Redemption Aemvqb bvB ¯^vfvweK mgq ¯^vfvweK Dfq
(Aemvqb) Aemvqb mgq
Aemvqb
12) Conversion option (iƒcvšÍ‡ii my‡hvM) In case of conversion FYPzw³‡Z FYPzw³‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii my‡hvM †bB|
option for preferential _vK‡j _vK‡j
share
AMÖvwaKvi g~jK
†kqv‡ii †ÿ‡Î hw`
iƒcvšÍ‡ii my‡hvM _v‡K
 Avw_©K weeiwYi mvaviY welqvw`
Cash Flow
Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Notes to the
Statement Auditors’ Report
Changes in Accounts
Equity

Statement of Explanations Auditors’

Changes in , detailed opinion on
the position descriptions, quality of
of break-ups maintenance
Shareholders and of the books
Statement of Statement of ’ Equity from calculations of accounts
Statement of
Assets, Income, the date of of different and
Cash Inflows and
Liabilities and Expenses, Profit last Financial components compliance
Outflows during
Owners equity or Loss for a
a certain period Statements of the of
at a certain certain period of
of time
date time Financial accounting
Statements principles
and
standards in
Cash Flow respect of
Total Income from preparation
> Total Operating of the
Expenses = Activities Financial
Profit Cash Flow
Statements
Total Income from Financing
Activities and
< Total
Cash Flow
Expenses = from Investing
Loss Activities

Train the trainer 17

Risk-Return Relationship
Trend of Savings with Income
Expense habits with Changes in Interest Rate
Structure of Finance & Investment

Bank

Invest for short term

Collects short term through Consumer Cannot and should not
deposits Credit, Working Capital, invest for long term
LC etc.
cyuwRevRv‡i we‡eP¨ m~PK
mg~n
 Portfolio Management
Art and Science of making decisions about
 Step 1 : Get The Cash

• Portion of Income

• Life savings

• Inheritance
• Loan
• A mix of all
 Step 2 : Set The Purpose And Target

• Purpose of the portfolio

– Living expenses
– Provision for future event
– Retirement
– Children’s education and marriage

• Target return

But, Do not forget the Risk!

 Step 3 : Investment Focus

High growth in business and profit

Growth Future expec tation is the major driver; inherently risky

Stocks
Low dividend yield

Relatively higher valuation

Go well with long term purposes like retirement or provision for future event

Slow growth in business and profit

Value Existing business and assets backed valuation

Stocks
High dividend yield

Relatively lower valuation

Go well with regular cash requirement needs like maintaining living expenses
 Portfolio Construction
• Diversification can mitigate risk most powerfully.
• But, over-diversification might dilute return potential.
Avoid Herd Behavior
Don’t be Overconfident
 AvqKi msµvšÍ myweavw` I AvqKi
cwiKíbv
• wewb‡qv‡Mi Dci 15% ch©šÍ Ki †iqvZ
• mvaviY wewb‡qvMKvixi gyjabx jvf (Capital gain)
m¤ú~Y© Kigy³
• †kqvi n‡Z cÖvß jf¨vsk eve` Av‡qi Kigy³ mxgv
25,000/- UvKv
• wgDPz¨qvj dvÛ BDwbU n‡Z cÖvß jf¨vsk ev
Av‡qi Kigy³ mxgv 25,000/- UvKv
• ÷K wWwf‡WÛ‡K Ki‡hvM¨ Avq wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv Z‡e Dr‡m Ki KZ©b Kiv nq|
 wewb‡qvMKvix KZ©„K AZ¨vek¨Kxq
we‡eP¨ welq mg~n
 
1| †kqv‡ii gyj¨ Avq AbycvZ (P/E) †`Lyb|
2| ‡kqvi cÖwZ m¤ú` g~j¨ (NAV) †`Lyb|
3| ‡kqvi cÖwZ Avq (EPS) ‡`Lyb|
4| ‡gvU ‡kqv‡ii msL¨v †`Lyb|
5| wWwf‡W›W eÛt †kqv‡ii evRi g~j¨ †ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î AwfwnZ g~‡j¨I †P‡q
†ewk n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB jf¨vs‡ki nvi cÖK…Z wiUvY© wb‡`©k K‡i bv|
wWwf‡W›W eÛB †kqv‡ii mwVK wiUvY©| evRvi g~‡j¨i wfwˇZ cÖvc¨
jf¨vsk wewb‡qv‡Mi KZ kZvsk ZvB n‡”Q wWwf‡W›W eÛ|
6| MZ 3-4 eQ‡ii Uª¨vK †iKW© †`Lyb| evwl©K Mo gyj¨ †`Lyb|  
7| wWGmBÕi mvB‡U cÖKvwkZ MZ 5-6 gv‡mi Lie †`Lyb|
8| wWGmB GLb 4 gvm ci ci †Kv¤úvwbi AvwY©s wi‡cvU© †`q| GKUz gv_v
LvUv‡jB eQi †k‡l Kx cwigvY jvf n‡Z cv‡i Zv Rvbv m¤¢e|
9| Avcwb †h †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi web‡eb †m †Kv¤úvwbi goodwill I Zvi
cwiPvjK‡`i e¨e¯’vcbv `ÿZv mvgvwRK w`KUvI we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e|
 ‡jb‡`‡bi m‡½ ‡Kv¤úvwbi
K¨vUvMwii m¤úK©
 
K¨vUvMwii m‡½ ‡jb‡`b wb®úwËi mgq I gvwR©b FY
(Margin loan) m¤úwK©Z wKQy welq RwoZ| eZ©gv‡b
G, we I Gb K¨vUvMwii ‡kqvi ‡jb‡`b T+2 c×wZ
wb®úbœ nq| A_©vr ‡kqvi ‡Kbvi Z…Zxq w`‡b ‡µZv
Zvi ‡kqvi ‡c‡q hvb| GKBfv‡e ‡kqvi wewµi UvKv
‡c‡ZI wZb w`b mgq jv‡M| ‡RW K¨UvMwii ‡¶‡Î UvKv
ev ‡kqvi ‡c‡Z c«‡qvRb 10 Kg©w`em| KviY GB
K¨vUvMwii ‡Kv¤úvwbi ‡kqvi ‡jb‡`b wb®úbœ nq T+9
c×wZ‡Z| ‡RW K¨UvMwii ‡Kvb wmwKDwiwUR µ‡qi
Rb¨ ‡Kvb gvwR©b FY ‡`Iqv nq bv|
 Avcbvi Awf‡hvM wb®úwËKi‡bi
  Rb¨ KiYxq
• cyuwRevRvi wbqš¿YKvix ms¯’vi bvbvwea
c`‡ÿc _vKv m‡Ë¡I †h †Kvb cÖKvi
Am½wZi wel‡q Awf‡hvM Kiv I Zvi
myivnv cvIqvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î
Awf‡hvMKvix evsjv‡`k wmwKDwiwUR
A¨vÛ G·‡PÄ Kwgkbmn cyuwRevRvi
mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvbmg~‡n Awf‡hvM
`vwLj Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Awf‡hvM `vwL‡ji †ÿ‡Î
wb‡Pi QKwUi mnvqZv wbbt
 Awf‡hvM wb®úwËKib

Awf‡hvM hvi m¤ú‡K© ‡hLv‡b †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z

n‡e
Bmy¨qvi/‡Kv¤úvwb mswkøó ÷K G·‡PÄ
‡eªKv‡iR nvDm/‡UªK mswkøó ÷K G·‡PÄ
†nvìvi
wgDPz¨qvj dvÛ/ mswkøó ÷K G·‡PÄ
Aëvi‡bwUf Bb‡f÷‡g›U dvÛ
wW‡cvwRUwi mvwf©m ‡m›Uªvj wW‡cvwRUwi
evsjv‡`k wjwg‡UW
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