TYPES OF POETRY

(Lyric Poetry)
 LYRIC POETRY
• This form of poetry does not tell a story
portraying characters or actions.
• ​This form usually revolves around the
emotions, perceptions, and state of
mind of the poet.
• Lyric poems are written from the first
person’s point of view.
• ​Lyric poems are generally short, and
often have a musical quality.
 LYRIC POETRY
• originated in Ancient Greece as a song,
normally accompanied by the lyre.
• ​It was divided into two types, choral lyric
(sung by a chorus), and monody (a solo).
• ​Choral lyrics were usually performed in
public at religious ceremonies, while
monodies were performed at private
gatherings.
• ​Their themes were varied, but included,
love, desire, suffering, and patriotism.
• ​Sappho and Pindar are among the more well
known Greek lyric poet.
 LYRIC POETRY
Subcategories of Lyric poetry

Express emotion, feelings, Sonnet

For grief, remorse, death Elegy

To praise people, natural scenes, and abstract

ideas Ode
 SONNET
(Subcategories of Lyric Poetry)
 SONNET
• A sonnet (pronounced son-it) is a fourteen
line poem with a fixed rhyme scheme.
• ​Often, sonnets use iambic pentameter: five
sets of unstressed syllables followed by
stressed syllables for a ten-syllable line.
• ​Sonnets are typically written to address
themes or issues revolving around love.
 SONNET (Origin)
• Sonnets were invented by the Italian poet
Giacomo da Lentini during the 1200s.
• ​The word sonnet is derived from the Old
Occitan phrase "Sonnet or Sonetto"
meaning “little song."
• ​Sonnet was originally a love poem which
dealt with the lover’s sufferings and hopes.
It originated in Italy and became popular in
England in the Renaissance
 SONNET (Origin)

From the seventeenth century onwards the

sonnet was also used for other topics than
love, for instance:
• for religious experience (by Donne and
Milton),
• ​reflections on art (by Keats or Shelley)
• ​war experience (by Brooke or Owen).
 SONNET
Types of Sonnet

abbaabba cdecde/ Petrarchan/Italian

cdcdcd FRANCESCO PETRARCH

Shakespearean/
abab cdcd efef/effe gg
Elizabethan/English
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

abab bcbc cdcd ee Spenserian/Link

EDMUND SPENSER
 STANZA
• A series of lines grouped
together and separated by an
empty line from other
stanzas
• ​equivalent of a paragraph in
an essay
• ​to identify a stanza is to
count the number of lines
 EXAMPLE:
(“When I Consider How My Light is Petrarchan/Italian Sonnet
Spent” by John Milton, 1600s)

When I consider how my light is spent,

Ere half my days in this dark world and wide,
And that one talent which is death to hide
Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent
To serve therewith my Maker, and present
My true account, lest He returning chide;
Octave
“Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?”
I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent

That murmur, soon replies, “God doth not need

Either man’s work or His own gifts. Who best
Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state
Is kingly: thousands at His bidding speed, Sestet
And post o’er land and ocean without rest;
They also serve who only stand and wait.”
 (Romeo and Juliet by William
Shakespeare, 1594) EXAMPLE:
Two households, both alike in dignity,
Shakespearean Sonnet
In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,
From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Quatrain
Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.

From forth the fatal loins of these two foes

A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life;
Whose misadventured piteous overthrows Quatrain
Do with their death bury their parents’ strife.

The fearful passage of their death-mark’d love,

And the continuance of their parents’ rage,
Which, but their children’s end, nought could remove, Quatrain
Is now the two hours’ traffic of our stage;

The which if you with patient ears attend,

What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.
Couplet
 EXAMPLE:
(“Amoretti #75” by Edmund Spenser,
1594) Spenserian Sonnet
One day I wrote her name upon the strand,
But came the waves and washed it away:
Again I write it with a second hand, Quatrain
But came the tide, and made my pains his prey.

Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay,

A mortal thing so to immortalize,
For I myself shall like to this decay, Quatrain
And eek my name be wiped out likewise.

Not so, (quod I) let baser things devise

To die in dust, but you shall live by fame:
My verse, your virtues rare shall eternize, Quatrain
And in the heavens write your glorious name.

Where when as death shall all the world subdue,

Our love shall live, and later life renew. Couplet
 RHYME SCHEME
• A rhyme scheme is the pattern of
sounds that repeats at the end of a
line or stanza.
• ​END Rhyme- tail/ external. A
rhyme involving words at the end
of every or several lines.
• ​Rhyme schemes can change line
by line, stanza by stanza, or can
continue throughout a poem
 EXAMPLE:
(“When I Consider How My Light is
Spent” by John Milton, 1600s)
Petrarchan/Italian Sonnet
When I consider how my light is spent, A
Ere half my days in this dark world and wide, B
And that one talent which is death to hide B
Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent A
To serve therewith my Maker, and present A Octave
My true account, lest He returning chide; B
“Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?” B
I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent A
That murmur, soon replies, “God doth not need C
Either man’s work or His own gifts. Who best D
Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state E Sestet
Is kingly: thousands at His bidding speed, C
And post o’er land and ocean without rest; D
They also serve who only stand and wait.” E
 (Romeo and Juliet by William
Shakespeare, 1594) EXAMPLE:
Two households, both alike in dignity, A Shakespearean Sonnet
In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, B
From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, A Quatrain
Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. B

From forth the fatal loins of these two foes C

A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life; D
Whose misadventured piteous overthrows C Quatrain
Do with their death bury their parents’ strife. D

The fearful passage of their death-mark’d love, E

And the continuance of their parents’ rage, F
Which, but their children’s end, nought could remove, E Quatrain
Is now the two hours’ traffic of our stage; F
The which if you with patient ears attend, E
What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. E Couplet
 EXAMPLE:
(“Amoretti #75” by Edmund Spenser,
1594) Spenserian Sonnet
One day I wrote her name upon the strand, A
But came the waves and washed it away: B
Again I write it with a second hand, A Quatrain
But came the tide, and made my pains his prey. B
Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay, B
A mortal thing so to immortalize, C
For I myself shall like to this decay, B Quatrain
And eek my name be wiped out likewise. C

Not so, (quod I) let baser things devise C

To die in dust, but you shall live by fame: D Quatrain
My verse, your virtues rare shall eternize, C
And in the heavens write your glorious name. D
Where when as death shall all the world subdue, E
Our love shall live, and later life renew. E Couplet
 iamb
trochee
Poetic Feet
anapest
A number of
dactyl
rhythmical units
spondee
pyrrhic
METER
systematic
monometer regularity
dimeter in rhytm
trimeter
tetrameter Poetic Meter
pentameter number of feet in a
hexameter line
 METER
POETIC FEET
Iamb unstressed – stressed des-TROY

Trochee stressed – unstressed TOP-sy

Anapest unstressed – unstressed – stressed In-ter-VENE

Dactyl stressed – unstressed – unstressed MER-ri-ly

Spondee stressed – stressed SHUT-UP

Pyrrhic unstressed – unstressed in-a

 METER
POETIC
METER
Monometer 1 foot Hexameter 6 feet

Dimeter 2 feet Heptameter 7 feet

Trimeter 3 feet Octameter 8 feet

Tetrameter 4 feet Nonametyer 9 feet

Pentameter 5 feet Decameter 10 feet

 EXAMPLE:
(“When I Consider How My Light is
Spent” by John Milton, 1600s)
Petrarchan/Italian Sonnet
Iambic (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
+ /When I /consi/der how/ my light/ is spent,/
/Ere half/ my days/ in this/ dark world/ and wide,/
5 feet per line
/And that/ one ta/lent which/ is death/ to hide/
(pentameter)
Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent
Octave
= To serve therewith my Maker, and present
My true account, lest He returning chide;
Iambic “Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?”
pentameter I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent

That murmur, soon replies, “God doth not need

Either man’s work or His own gifts. Who best
Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state Sestet
Is kingly: thousands at His bidding speed,
And post o’er land and ocean without rest;
They also serve who only stand and wait.”
 EXAMPLE:
(SONNET 18 by William Shakespeare)
Shakespearean
Iambic (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Sonnet
+ /Shall I/ compare/ thee to/ a sum/mer's day?/
5 feet per line /Thou art/ more love/ly and/ more tem/perate/.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
Quatrain
(pentameter) And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
= Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
Iambic And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometime declines, Quatrain
pentameter By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimmed;

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade, Quatrain
When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st.

So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. Couplet
 (“Amoretti #75” by Edmund Spenser, 1594)
EXAMPLE:
Iambic (2) (3) (5)
Spenserian
(1) (4)
+ /One day/ I wrote/ her name/ upon/ the strand,/ Sonnet
5 feet per line /But came/ the waves/ and washed/ it a/way:
(pentameter)
Again I write it with a second hand, Quatrain
But came the tide, and made my pains his prey.
= Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay,
Iambic A mortal thing so to immortalize,
pentameter For I myself shall like to this decay, Quatrain
And eek my name be wiped out likewise.

Not so, (quod I) let baser things devise

To die in dust, but you shall live by fame:
My verse, your virtues rare shall eternize, Quatrain
And in the heavens write your glorious name.

Where when as death shall all the world subdue,

Our love shall live, and later life renew. Couplet
EL FIN !! 