ELTC MALAYSIA

INTRODUCTION
TO
WRITING
English Language Curriculum
Document

 KSSR (Year 1,2)

 KBSR (Year 3 – 6)
Making Connections

 Activity 1
 Look at the KSSR
document and
identify the writing
component
Definition of writing

 What does writing  Present your views.

mean to the
following people :

 Learner
 Individual
 Teachers
(practitioners)
Journal entry

 Keep a journal of
your experiences
during the course.
Sample entry

 Day 1 ( 14 Feb )
 Registered for C-
PELT course.
Feeling excited and
also worried . What
is in store for us ?
Must make best use
of opportunity.
 WRITING DEFINITION

Writing is a systematic, conventional

system of communication

Dependent on speech

Dependent on writing mechanism

Features of good writing

 What are the

features of good
writing ?

 Why do people write

?
Two features of writing

 Clarity

 Meaningful
Purpose of writing

 Why do you write ?

 PURPOSES FOR WRITING

Mode of communication used to express ideas, reflections

and feelings on certain matters, put across intentions or
arguments, to narrate incidents or to explain a
phenomenon or discuss an issue.

EXPRESS EXPLORE ENTERTAIN

EXPLAIN INFORM ARGUE
PERSUADE EVALUATE MEDIATE
NEGOTIATE PROBLEM-SOLVE
Review curriculum document

 Look at the writing

aspects in the
curriculum
document.
 Present on the
purposes of writing
based on the
KSSR/KBSR
Session 2 : What do you think ?

Activity 1
Writing is …

Writing is not…
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WRITING
AND SPEAKING

 Writing is orthographical
 Speaking is phonological
 Writing is not biologically inherited
 Speaking is biologically inherited
 Writing is learned
 Speech is acquired
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WRITING
AND SPEAKING

 Writing is rule-governed/ standardised (grammar,

structure, organization, and vocabulary)
 Speaking is regional-governed/dialects
 Writing is reliance on words (express meaning and
ideas)
 Speaking (Voice: pitch, rhythm, stress) and body
language( Gestures, hand movements)
 Writing relies on punctuations and markers
 Speaking relies on pauses and intonation
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WRITING
AND SPEAKING

 Writing is about spelling

 Speaking is about pronunciation
 Writing is pre-planned or involves planning
 Speaking is spontaneous and unplanned
 Writing (delayed response, )
 Speaking (interactive: responses, negotiation,
turn-taking)
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WRITING
AND SPEAKING

 Writing (largely formalised contexts)

 Speaking (informalised contexts)
 Writing is pre-planned or involves planning
 Speaking is spontaneous and unplanned
 Writing (delayed response, )
 Speaking (interactive: responses, negotiation,
turn-taking)
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WRITING
AND SPEAKING

• Writing (complex structures/discourse markers)

 Speaking (simpler sentences, interjections)
 Writing is a solidarity process
 Speaking is an engaging process
 Writing engages readers via content and
language
 Speaking gauges the attitudes, beliefs, and
feelings of the engaged parties
Bridging- Discuss

Activity 2  How does reading

 How does listening impact writing skill ?
impact writing skill ?

How does speaking

impact writing skill ?
 Activity 2 : Impact zones: Listening

How does listening impact writing ?

•Listening is at the formative stages of the language learning process

•Comparatively easier to develop writing based on a strong listening
tradition/foundation
•Phonology leads to orthography (Sound system and spelling, Sound system,
pronunciation and dictation,)
•Merger of listening and writing (dictation, multi-tasking, thinking-aloud)
 HOW SPEAKING IMPACTS WRITING

 Speech training is inevitably important in developing

writing
 Speech involves pronunciation and helps in the spelling
 Syllabifications provide support in spelling and writing
 Think-aloud blends speaking abilities with writing
strategies
 HOW READING IMPACTS WRITING

 Two sides of a coin: Reading-Writing Connections

 Each complements the other
 Reading involves processing and comprehending information
 Writing involves various strategies dependent on reading
(content, structures, vocabulary and organisation)
 Reading supports transfer of skills required in writing
Session 3

 Text types

 What do you
understand by the
term “genre” ?
 GENRE

 Genre is a recognised category of works that

share a common form, purpose or content.
 It is important to understand what these
commonly shared attributes are for each of the
different genre.
Text features

 Purpose
 Format
 Awareness of
audience (who is
going to read)
 Language
 Organisation
Purpose

 To inform , to
explain …
Format

 Letter,
advertisement,
story…
Awareness of audience

 Who are the

audience
 Individuals, society,
age,…
Language

 Technical, factual,
simple, concise
Organisation

 Main ideas,
supporting details,
examples, plot
structure, …
Activity 2 : Communicative
purpose

 What if …

 Writing is a vehicle
 What would your
vehicle be carrying to
reach its destination
safely , soundly and
meaningfully ?
 COMMUNICATIVE PURPOSE

 Writing is a vehicle to communicate

 Writing is purposeful
 Communicative fundamentals:
- authentic
- purposeful
- contextualised
- Individual learner’s needs