HLSC 1F90

Weight Management
Chapter 4

Thursday January 26, 2017, 10:00-

12:00 (D Howes)
Dr. Rebecca MacPherson
 Estimated prevalence of obesity in Canadian
adults (2000-2011)

Figure 4.6

Canadian Journal Public Health 2013

Experts say that by 2021, 70% of males and 50% of females

in Canada will be either overweight or obese.
Males

 6.6 lbs

Females

5.3 lbs
Energy Expenditure?
Pre Post *Sig.
Males
Moderate Activity Minutes 67 31 0.002

Vigorous Activity Minutes 80 67 0.10

MET Minutes 1067 750 <0.001

Females
<0.001
Moderate Minutes 87 28
Vigorous Minutes 52 33 <0.001

MET Minutes 1010 461 <0.001

 Energy Expenditure?

Canadian Association of College and University Student Services (CACUSS, 2013)

• 42% of students reached the minimum physical activity recommendations
• 58% did not participate in adequate amounts of physical activity
 Energy Expenditure
1. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR):
• Resting metabolic rate (RMR):
2. Physical activity metabolic rate (EMR):
3. Thermic effect of food (TEF)
Figure 4.3
 Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI Classification
< 18.5 Underweight
18.5 – 24.9 Average/healthy
25 – 29.9 Overweight/pre-obese
30 – 34.9 Obese class 1
35 – 39.9 Obese calls II
> 40 Obese class III
Body Mass Index and Mortality Risk

(Adapted from Bray GA. Gray DS, Obesity, part 1: Pathogenesis. West J Med 149:429, 1988; and Lew EA, Garfinkle L; Variations
in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J Clin Epidemiol 32:563, 1979.)
 Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA)
• Small alternating current is passed through the body
• Current travels faster through fat-free mass compared to fat
mass

Considerations
• Hydration
• Skin temperature
• Previous physical activity
• Previous food and beverage intake
 Skinfold Technique
• Relationship between subcutaneous
fat, internal fat and body density
• measures the thickness of fat under
the skin

Procedure
– Measure skinfold thickness at 3-5
sites
– Add the values
– Use equations to predict BF %
Anatomical Location of 5 common
skinfold sites
 Hydrostatic Weighing
• One of the most accurate techniques
• person is submerged and weighed under water
• % body fat calculated from body density
• muscle has a  density and fat a  density than
water
• people with more fat tend to float and weigh less
under water
 Bod Pod
• uses air instead of water
• sit in a chamber and computerized pressure
sensors determine the amount of air displaced
by the person's body
 Scanning Procedures
• High-tech scanning procedures are highly
accurate
• require expensive equipment.
• include computed tomography (CT), magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry (DEXA), and dual-photon
absorptiometry
 The Health Risks of Excess Body Fat
Obesity = 50–100% increased risk of early death from
all causes, compared with healthy weight people.

• Elevated cholesterol
• Infertility
• Dementia
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Mental Health

Canadian Obesity Network

 Diabetes

Figure 4.4