Assignment

By Netsebrak Abera

ID : 0223/12
Abstract
Henry Mintzberg, understood this and organized the
roles of management systematically in his 1990
book Mintzberg on Management: Inside our Strange
World of Organizations. Since then, the PhD from MIT
and internationally renowned academic and author on
business and management has gone on to stress the
importance of practical application of business theory.
Mintzberg maintains that management is often more
art than science, evident in his very practical and
applicable model outlining 10 Management Roles:
10 Mintzburg manegerial role
Interpersonal Roles
The Figurehead: performs ceremonial duties. Examples:
greeting visiting dignitaries, attending an employee’s
wedding, taking an important customer to lunch.
The Leader: responsibility for the work of subordinates,
motivating and encouraging employees, exercising their
formal authority.
The Liaison: making contacts outside the vertical chain of
command including peers in other companies or
departments, and government and trade organization
representatives.
10 Mintzburg manegerial role
Informational Roles
4. The Monitor: scans the environment for new
information to collect.
5. The Disseminator: Passing on privileged
information directly to subordinates.
6. The Spokesperson: Sharing information with
people outside their organization. Examples: a speech
to a lobby or suggesting product modifications to
suppliers.
10 Mintzburg manegerial role
Decisional Roles
7. The Entrepreneur: Seeks to improve the unit by
initiating projects.
8. The Disturbance Handler: Responds involuntarily to
pressures too severe to be ignored. Examples: a looming
strike, a major customer gone bankrupt, or a supplier
reneging on a contract.
9. The Resource Allocator: Decides who gets what.
10. The Negotiator: Committing organizational resources
in “real-time” with the broad information available from
their informational roles.
System Development Activity
 A systems analyst is a person who uses analysis and design techniques
to solve business problems using information technology. Systems
analysts may serve as change agents who identify the organizational
improvements needed, design systems to implement those changes, and
train and motivate others to use the system
  Systems Designer (Information Technology) talk with other team
members (analysts and programmers) to ensure functionality according
to systems specifications, and develop solutions as problems or issues
arise. design monitoring and performance measurement processes.
Coordinate with project team members to implement design and work
through design revisions.
 Ensure customer orientation and create use cases on User experience
prospection.
 Maintain specification documentation.
CONTN..
A systems developer is a type of software developer. They develop
and implement applications and programs for the backend
processing systems used in businesses and organisations. Backend
processing systems are the behind-the-scenes parts of software that don't
have a user interface, except for administration purposes.
System Testers meet with product managers and developers to
understand the systems they test and to create testing plans for each system.
They identify what portions of a system can be tested using automated tools
and the areas that require manual testing, such as installation and user
interfaces They identify what portions of a system can be tested using
automated tools and the areas that require manual testing, such as installation
and user interfaces. Creating testing scenarios that specify input and expected
outcomes, and coding test scripts that run automated testing software, are
tasks that system testers perform to complete test plans.
 What Do Stakeholders Do?

The term “stakeholder’ refers to the people or groups affected by

a system development project Stakeholders exist both within the
organization and outside of it.
They may be end users, or they might simply be affected by the
process. Either way they have a vested interest in the final product.
Input from stakeholders tells the company what kind of software
is needed, suggesting ideas for features or problems it needs to
solve.
They construct use-case diagrams and map workflows which guide
the new software’s UI design. As a group they evaluate the merits
of each others’ ideas, assigning an initial priority to the
prospective feature lis
Managers,supervisors and domain expert
 Systems development managers coordinate the activities of all the developers,
programmers, and administrators who operate a company's telecommunications and
computer systems. The systems development manager is not the primary expert in any
of the tasks his department handles on a regular basis. Instead, he knows each task
well enough to effectively oversee all the experts and ensure that the system does what
it is supposed to do.
 IT Supervisors generally run the IT team that initially installs a company's internal
network and computer systems. They analyze a company's technology
needs, develop systems and software, implement hardware and software, conduct
tests and maintain ongoing operations of all systems.
 : Under general direction, assesses user requirements, documents current business
processes, and recommends technological solutions which may result in development
of software applications. Incumbent evaluates changing application development
technologies with respect to its potential application to the City. Incumbent functions
with a significant degree of independence, has access to confidential information and
provides direct supervision to assigned subordinate staff.
Contn..
 In Domain-Driven Design much is said about the domain experts. They are the ones
who knows about the domain, and which should be in contact with the developer in order to
build the ubiquitous language and hence the domain model.it depend on where to use them
 That depends on the kind of software your are building, the domain, of course, and the
organizational environment where the software is developed. If you are building a bigger
program, it might be possible that you have different domain experts for different groups of
features
An end user is the person that a software program or hardware device is designed
for. ... End users are also in a separate group from the installers or administrators of the
product. To simplify, the end user is the person who uses the software or hardware after it
has been fully developed, marketed, and installedThe final or ultimate product. The end user
is the individual who uses the product after it has been fully developed and marketed. The
term is useful because it distinguishes two classes of users, users who require a bug-free and
finished product (end users), and users who may use the same product for development
purposes. The term end user usually implies an individual with a relatively low level of 
computerexpertise. Unless you are a programme5r or engineer, you are almost certainly an
end user.
why computer networking so important?
 It lets you store important business data in a centralized location. This allows
the various computers in the network to retrieve important data from the
main location. Additionally, computer networking lets you access the data
from the other computers on the same network, and modify it according to
your needs
 A “computer network” is just a multitude of connected computers. This allows
the computers in the network to share data and resources with each other. An
IT technician can set up your computer network to work on a “peer-to-peer”
basis.
  This is where computers connect directly to each other. They may also
configure the network to go through a central file server. If you hire a quality IT
provider, you can consult beforehand to help you decide which option is best
for your needs.
Broadband connection ?
 What is Broadband?
 Broadband Internet service truly is the most used form of Internet access because of
its high access speeds; it is offered in four different forms, DSL (or Digital Subscriber
Line), also fiber-optic, cable, and satellite. The old dial up connection is the only
non-broadband internet service available, and even though it is cheaper, most
Internet users are moving towards the faster broadband Internet connection.
 Fiber-Optic
 The newest broadband service is fiber-optic, which is the fastest Internet connection thus far.
 The networking of computers in the home is made easier with a broadband connection, by
either using wireless or wired modems.
 The cost of broadband service is higher annually than the cheaper dial-up version by $100 to
$500, but given the advantages and ease of a broadband connection, it is well worth the cost.
 A broadband connection allows you to play many popular computer games that rely on a fast
Internet connection.
LAN - local-area network

 A local-area network (LAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively small area.

Most often, a LAN is confined to a single room, building or group of buildings, however,
one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any distance via telephone lines and radio
waves.
 Types of Local-Area Networks (LANs)
 There are many different types of LANs, with Ethernets being the most common for PCs.
Most Apple Macintosh networks are based on Apple's AppleTalk network system, which
is built into Macintosh computers. The following characteristics differentiate one LAN
from another:
 Topology: The geometric arrangement of devices on the network. For example, devices
can be arranged in a ring or in a straight line.
 Protocols: The rules and encoding specifications for sending data. The protocols also
determine whether the network uses a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture.
 Media: Devices can be connected by twisted-pair wire, coaxial cables, or fiber optic
cables. Some networks do without connecting media altogether, communicating instead
via radio waves
WAN AND MAN
  system of LANs connected in this way is called a wide-area network (WAN). The
difference between a LAN and WAN is that the wide-area network spans a relatively large
geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs)
and are often connected through public network.
 Business, as well as education and government entities use wide area networks to relay
data to staff, students, clients, buyers and suppliers from various locations across the
world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry
out its daily function regardless of location
 MAN :
 A metropolitan area network (MAN) is similar to a local area network (LAN) but spans an
entire city or campus. MANs are formed by connecting multiple LANs. Thus, MANs are
larger than LANs but smaller than wide area networks (WAN).

MANs are extremely efficient and provide fast communication via high-speed carriers,
such as fiber optic cables
INTRANET AND EXTRANET
An intranet is a private enterprise network, designed to support an organization’s
employees to communicate, collaborate and perform their roles. It serves a broad range of
purposes and uses, but at its core, an intranet is there to help employees. An intranet may mean
different things to different organizations, and even the unique teams and individuals within
them, depending on that company’s objectives, sector, and structure. This means that
sometimes, there can be confusion about what even constitutes an intranet.
An intranet that can be partially accessed by authorized outside users, enabling businesses
to exchange information over the Internet in a secure way.
 "where intranets embrace employees within a company, extranets extend outwards to offer
similar functions to those working closely with the business but separate from it“
 Contributor(s): Chuck Bury
An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public
telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with
suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part
of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company. It has also been described
as a "state of mind" in which the Internet is perceived as a way to do business with other
companies as well as to sell products to customers