Unity University

Adama Special Campus

Managing Information & Technology

Individual Assignment ………….II

Prepared by – Eyerus Mamuye

Submitted to - Dr. Mesfin Abebe Haile

(mesfinabha@gmail.com)
  Why computer networking is important?

The following are the important uses and benefits of a computer network. File

sharing: Networking of computers helps the network users to share data files.
Hardware sharing: Users can share devices such as printers, scanners, CD-ROM
drives, hard drives etc. Without computer networks, device sharing is not
possible.

Computer networks help users on the network to share the resources and in
communication. Can you imagine a world now without emails, online newspapers,
blogs, chat and the other services offered by the internet?

The following are the important uses and benefits of a computer network.

File sharing: Networking of computers helps the network users to share data files.

Hardware sharing: Users can share devices such as printers, scanners, CD-ROM

drives, hard drives etc. Without computer networks, device sharing is not possible.

Application sharing: Applications can be shared over the network, and this allows
to implement client/server applications

User communication: Networks allow users to communicate using e-mail,

newsgroups, and video conferencing etc.

Network gaming: A lot of network games are available, which allow multi-users
to play from different locations.

Voice over IP (VoIP): Voice over Internet Protocol (IP) is a revolutionary change
in telecommunication which allows to send telephone calls (voice data) using
standard Internet Protocol (IP) rather than by traditional PSTN.
 What makes a connection a broadband connection?

Broadband Internet service truly is the most used form of Internet access because
of its high access speeds; it is offered in four different forms, DSL (or Digital
Subscriber Line), also fiber-optic, cable, and satellite. The old dial-up connection is
the only non-broadband internet service available, and even though it is cheaper,
most Internet users are moving towards the faster broadband Internet connection.

DSL

The DSL (or Digital Subscriber Line) internet service makes its connection by
utilizing unused telephone wires that cause no interruption to your telephone
service. The speed you experience with a DSL connection varies with your
distance from the switching station. Your speed will be slower the further away
you are and faster the closer you are to the switching station and this may be a
deciding factor when you attempt to select between a DSL line and a cable
connection.

Cable

The broadband cable connection is provided by the local cable TV provider. Here
the cable Internet connection speed varies with the number of users on the service
at a specific point in time. Given a specific geographical area, users of the
broadband cable service share the connection bandwidth which slows the speed the
more users are on the system. This will occur at the peak times for example late in
the evenings after the work day is over when many people will be accessing the
Internet. Somewhat misleadingly, often the cable company would estimate
connection speeds that are based on the thinking that you are using the service. But
that is clearly not the case.
Fiber-Optic

The newest broadband service is fiber-optic, which is the fastest Internet

connection thus far. However, this type of Internet service is still in its infancy as
its service areas are quite limited and because the laying down of the fiber-optic
cable takes a while to complete. Wherever it is available, the cost not only
competes with that of DSL and cable, but it provides a much faster connection than
both of those services.

Satellite

The last and slowest broadband service is provided by satellite. Although this is a
good replacement for dial-up for those people living in remote rural areas, the
installation costs are quite high, but the ongoing monthly charges are competitive
to both cable and DSL.

There are many advantages to the DSL and cable broadband service. It provides
greater bandwidth than other Internet access forms, and that makes it easier for the
computer user to multitask with several applications performing in the background
while you surf the web. It is possible for you to surf the web while listening to
audio.

The networking of computers in the home is made easier with a broadband

connection, by either using wireless or wired modems.

The cost of broadband service is higher annually than the cheaper dial-up version
by $100 to $500, but given the advantages and ease of a broadband connection, it
is well worth the cost.
A broadband connection allows you to play many popular computer games that
rely on a fast Internet connection.

Broadband connection, unlike the old dial-up internet connection, will not engage
your phone line when in use. In fact, having a broadband connection makes it
possible for you to obtain an Internet phone service so you will no longer need the
traditional phone line at all.

Another great benefit of a broadband connection is that you are constantly

connected to the Internet. You are quickly able to connect with your work's
intranet and email in a matter of seconds.

Many people considering between these broadband Internet service options

generally narrow the search to the most popular services which are DSL and cable.
A good approach when researching your options would be to ask those in the area
you are considering, which service they are using and how it is working for them.

Even though cable broadband Internet service offers a speedy internet connection,
this fast speed will not be realized if the connection itself cannot be relied on. For
example, the cable connection you receive depends on the shared bandwidth, the
number of users on the system at any time, and the latency on the network.

The bandwidth is just one factor that determines the Internet connection's speed. It
is a measure of the quantity of data that enters the network over a period of time,
and is measured in bps, or bits per second. The greater the data flow, the better the
network Internet connection. In broadband connections the supported data rates are
generally 300 Kbps and higher, as opposed to the old dial-up maximum of 53Kbps.

Latency is another factor that affects the cable Internet connection's speed. Latency
refers to delays incurred in the network data processing. A network is described as
low latency if it experiences only small delay times, and high latency if it suffers
with long delays. When the latency becomes excessive, data transmission causes a
bottleneck that prevents addition data from coming through and this effectively
reduces cable's Internet connection bandwidth. So even though the cable
bandwidth of your Internet connection is set, its effectiveness can be reduced by
bottlenecks of data and a high number of users on the system .

Again, with a broadband DSL connection, the connection speed of the Internet can
be severely reduced by the distance a subscriber is located from the switching
station. The further away the subscriber is from the switching station, the slower
the Internet connection.

Once installed, a broadband connection is always on. The connection is maintained

with the use of a cable or DSL modem. These connect the computer to the cable
outlet on the wall, in the case of the cable internet connection; or the DSL modem
to the phone line. Only when these connections become unplugged, will the
Internet connection be lost.

Unlike the old dial-up service, you will not be dialing a specific phone number to
gain access to the Internet. With a broadband service, access to the Internet is
given by simply double clicking your Internet browser icon of choice (this is
usually on your desktop - Internet Explorer, Firefox, Netscape etc.); your default
web page will open and you can immediately start surfing the web. The whole
process should take no more than about 10 to 15 seconds, depending on the
computer's speed itself and baring any issues of slowness

 What is an LAN?

A local-area network (LAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively small

area. Most often, a LAN is confined to a single room, building or group of
buildings; however, one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any distance
via telephone lines and radio waves.

 What is an MAN?

Typical examples of a MAN are a network of fire stations or a chain of

community colleges within the same county. MANs are also used in large cities,
such as New York. Currently wireless LANs, also known as wireless fidelity (wi-
fi), are increasing in popularity.

 What is an WAN?

A wide area network (WAN) is a network that exists over a large-scale

geographical area. A WAN connects different smaller networks, including local
area networks (LANs) and metro area networks (MANs). This ensures that
computers and users in one location can communicate with computers and users in
other locations.

 What is the difference between an intranet and an extranet?

An intranet is a private network, operated by a large company or other

organization, which uses internet technologies, but is insulated from the global
internet.

An extranet is an intranet that is accessible to some people from outside the

company, or possibly shared by more than one organization.