Transmission

Introduction to Gear Box (Transmission)

Gearbox is a speed and

torque changing device
between the engine and
the driving wheels.
FUNCTIONS
It serves the following purposes in the transmission system of an
automobile:

1. It exchanges engine power for greater torque and thus provides a

mechanical advantage to drive the vehicle under different conditions.

2. It exchanges forward motion for reverse motion.

3. It provides a neutral position to disallow power flow to the rest of

power train.
The automobile requires high torque when climbing hills and when
starting,

On the other hand, when running at high speeds on level roads, high
torque is not required because of momentum and it would be more
preferable to have just the wheels alone turning at high speed.

However, the torque, which the engine can produce is limited to such an
amount that the engine by itself cannot develop the torque necessary for
starting and for climbing hills.
The transmission (gear box) acts in accordance with the running
conditions.

When driving power is required, it reduces the engine speed and

transmits stronger torque to the driving wheels and when high
running speed is desired, it transmits high speed low-torque to the
wheels.

In addition, the transmission serves to reverse the vehicle.

Since the engine can turn in one direction only, the transmission gears
mesh in such a manner to allow running the vehicle in the reverse
direction.
Gear Ratios

In automobiles various types of gears

are used, which are basically similar.
They all have teeth that mesh to
transmit force and motion from one
gear to another. 
 SPUR GEAR
Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the
simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder
or disk with teeth projecting radially.

These gears mesh together correctly only if fitted

to parallel shafts.

Spur gears are excellent at moderate

speeds but tend to be noisy at high
speeds
helical gears
In these gears, the teeth are set at angle
to the gear centerline.

The teeth have a

wiping action which improves their
contact and lubrication.

Compared to spur gears, they have the

larger contact ratio and excel in
quietness and less vibration.
Bevel gears
Bevel gears are gears where the axes of
the two shafts intersect and the tooth-
bearing faces of the gears themselves are
conically shaped.

Bevel gears are most often mounted on

shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can
be designed to work at other angles as
well.
Gear ratio
When one meshing gear rotates, the teeth of that
gear cause the teeth
of the other gear to move so that the other gear
also rotates.

The relative speed of the two meshing gears

(gear ratio) is determined by the number of teeth
of the two gears.