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Polyphase
Polyphase
Chapter Objectives:
Be familiar with different three-phase configurations and how to
analyze them.
Know the difference between balanced and unbalanced circuits
Learn about power in a balanced three-phase system
Know how to analyze unbalanced three-phase systems
Be able to use PSpice to analyze three-phase circuits
Apply what is learnt to three-phase measurement and residential
wiring
Huseyin Bilgekul
Eeng224 Circuit Theory II
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Eastern Mediterranean University Eeng 224 1
Three phase Circuits
An AC generator designed to develop a single sinusoidal voltage for each rotation
of the shaft (rotor) is referred to as a single-phase AC generator.
If the number of coils on the rotor is increased in a specified manner, the result is
a Polyphase AC generator, which develops more than one AC phase voltage per
rotation of the rotor
In general, three-phase systems are preferred over single-phase systems for the
transmission of power for many reasons.
1. Thinner conductors can be used to transmit the same kVA at the same voltage,
which reduces the amount of copper required (typically about 25% less).
2. The lighter lines are easier to install, and the supporting structures can be less
massive and farther apart.
4. In general, most larger motors are three phase because they are essentially self-
starting and do not require a special design or additional starting circuitry.
Eeng 224 2
Single Phase, Three phase Circuits
Eeng 224 4
Balanced Three-phase Voltages
Neutral Wire
A Three-phase Generator
Voltages having 120 phase difference
Eeng 224 5
Balanced Three phase Voltages
Neutral Wire
Eeng 224 8
Balanced Wye-wye Connection
A balanced Y-Y system, showing the source, line and load impedances.
Line Impedance
Source Impedance
Load Impedance
Eeng 224 9
Balanced Wye-wye Connection
Line current In add up to zero.
Neutral current is zero:
In= -(Ia+ Ib+ Ic)= 0
Eeng 224 10
Balanced Wye-wye Connection
Line current In add up to zero.
Neutral current is zero:
In= -(Ia+ Ib+ Ic)= 0
We look at one phase, say phase a and analyze the single phase equivalent circuit.
Because the circuıit is balanced, we can easily obtain other phase values using their
phase relationships.
Van
Ia
ZY
Eeng 224 13
Eeng 224 14
Balanced Wye-delta Connection
Three phase sources are usually Wye connected and three phase loads are Delta
connected.
There is no neutral connection for the Y-∆ system.
VAB
I AB
Z
VBC
I BC
Z
VCA
I CA
Z
Line currents are obtained from the phase currents IAB, IBC and ICA
I a I AB I CA I AB 3 30 I L I a Ib Ic
I b I BC I AB I BC 3 30 I p I AB I BC I CA
I c I CA I BC I CA 3 30 I L 3I p
Eeng 224 15
Balanced Wye-delta Connection
Phasor diagram of phase and line currents
I L I a Ib Ic
I p I AB I BC I CA
I L 3I p
Z
3
Eeng 224 16
Balanced Delta-delta Connection
Both the source and load are Delta connected and balanced.
Vp 30
3
Eeng 224 18