Unemployment

and
Full employment
 Voluntary unemployment:
This means unemployment by ones own choice.
this also means that people simply do not want
to do productive work. Instead ,they want to
remain unemployed e.g politician (when they
are out of office).
‫ او دا په دی معنی دی چی خلص خلک‬،‫• بیکاری په خپله خوخه‬
‫ او غواری چی بیکاره اوسی لکه‬،‫نه غواری کار وکری‬
‫سیاست مدار‬
)‫• ( هغه وخت چی د دفتر سخه بیرون وی‬
INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT
This is a real form of unemployment. individual
who fall in this category are those who
possess high qualifications but do not find any
job commensurate with the qualification they
possess. ‫دی او‬
. ‫یکاری دا د ب یکاریحقیقیحا لت‬
. ‫غیر ارادیب‬
‫پ ه دیک یهغه خلکش املک یگیچیخه ص حیح عا لی‬
‫ت حصیالتولریخو ب یا هم د خپلت حصیالتو مطابقورته‬
‫ک ار ن ه پ یدا ک یگی‬.
 ‫‪STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT‬‬
‫‪It is the result of a change in the structure of‬‬
‫‪the country. e.g from industry to agriculture‬‬
‫‪or vice versa .‬‬
‫• ساختمانی بیکاری‪ .‬د بیکاری د مملکت د ساختمان د تبدیلو‬
‫په وجه منز ته رازی لکه کله چی د مملکت د فابریکاتی‬
‫سیستم په زراعتی سیستم تبدیل شی یا ددی معکوس‬
 FRICTIONAL UNMPLOYMENT
This type of temporarily unemployment
occurs due immobility of labor, seasonal work,
shortage of material, shortage of machinery
and equipments .
e.g
In off season sugar mills, ice factories are
close and result in unemployment.
 ‫‪This occurs as a result of change in the‬‬
‫‪production technology. e.g replacement of‬‬
‫‪workers by machines.‬‬
‫د تکنالوژی بیکاری‪ .‬دا رقم بیکاری په تکنالوژی کی د‬
‫تغیراتو په وجه منز ته رازی لکه د کاریگرو پر زای‬
‫‪.‬ماشینونه نسبول‬
 CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT
In this case unemployment takes place in the
depression phase of the business cycle .

‫ په دی کی‬.‫دوره ای بیکاری‬
‫بیکاری د کاروبار په مشکلو‬
‫او تشویشی حاالتو کی منز ته‬
.‫رازی‬
 Removing cyclical unemployment
1:Encouraging the private investors
2:Reducing rate of interest on profits
of private investors.
3:Government itself must increase
investment
 Full Employment
Different economist have defined full
employment in different ways.

Full employment is a situation when there is

no involuntary unemployment though there
may be voluntary, seasonal, structural,
technological and frictional unemployment.
Full employment is a situation where job
seekers are able to find jobs sooner or
later.
But this view is not accepted by
economists because there is some
unemployment.
Full employment is such a state of economy
that all productive resources of a community
LAND
LABOR
CAPITAL
ENTREPRENEURS ….are fully employed OR
when none of the productive resources lying
idle or underemployed.