Professional Documents
Culture Documents
with
Forward Foreign
Exchange Contracts
September, 2005
Croatian Association of Corporate Treasurers
Overview
FX forwards: definition, characteristics and
features
Uses of FX forwards
– Example 1: Hedging with forwards
– Example 2: Deriving the forward rate
Problems and risks
Accounting for forwards
– Example 3: Marking to market
Risk management
Leslie Šulenta, International Business Strate 2
gies, LLC
FX Forwards:
Definition,
Characteristics and
Features
Forward Foreign Exchange
Contract
Definition:
An agreement to exchange one currency for
another, where
The exchange rate is fixed on the day of the
contract, but
The actual exchange takes place on a pre-
determined date in the future
– FX risk: Company is
– Exposure to FX risk: protected against large
What will be exchange rate adverse FX rate movements
HRK/EUR in three months?? If FX rate is unfavorable in 3
months (ie, > 7.3750),
Company pays just 7.3750
Example 1: Hedging
With an FX Forward
Hedged Item Hedging Instrument
Company must pay EUR 1,000,000 to Bank buys 1,000,000 EUR forward at
a eurozone supplier in 3 months forward rate of 7.3750
Spot rate HRK/EUR: 7.3000.
Treasurer believes HRK will
depreciate during next 3 months
Disadvantage of Hedge:
Company is still exposed to FX risk
Advantages of Hedge: if the HRK/EUR spot rate is less
than 7.3750 in 3 months
Company knows its costs and can
plan its finances accordingly
Cost of the hedge is zero --
Effect of hedge is same as
No money is exchanged at buying EUR today and
inception of the forward FX holding in an interest-bearing
agreement account
(Forward FX agreement is
NOT a simple speculation)
Example 1: Hedging
With an FX Forward
Unhedged Company Effect of Hedging
If in 3 months, spot rate Hedged Company has
already bought EUR
is 7.4500…
forward
– 1% on the euro
– 3% on the kuna
WE NEVER
NEEDED TO USE
LIFE BOATS
BEFORE!!