Conduct of Flight

Commercial Pilot License Training

D III PST
SEMESTER III
 Conduct Of Flight
Operational Procedure
NO. SYLLABUS HOURS
1. Route Guides Manual 02.00
2. Aerodromes Manual 02.00
3. Flight Preparation & Flight Plan 02.00
4. In-Flight Procedures 02.00
5. Emergency & Survival 02.00
6. Passenger briefing 02.00
7. Use of Oxygen 02.00
8. Carriage of Dangerous Goods or Not carriage of
Dangerous Goods 02.00
9. Flight Operation Manual 02.00
10 Flight Safety 02.00
11. Communication, Position Reporting Procedure 02.00
11. Examination by Instructor 02.00
TOTAL 24.00
 Route Guides Manual

 An Operations Manual should contain procedures,

instructions and guidance for use by operational
personnel in the execution of their duties. (ICAO
Annex 6: Operation of Aircraft)
 The Operations Manual may contain some or all of the
information contained in the 
Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM), but it also contains
much other information regarding the way in which
flights are to be conducted.
 References
ICAO Annex 2
ICAO Annex 14
Rules of the Air
Aerodromes
ICAO Annex 6
ICAO Annex 15
Operation of Aircraft
Aeronautical Information Services
ICAO Annex 8
ICAO Annex 17
Airworthiness of Aircraft
Security
ICAO Annex 9
ICAO Annex 18
Facilitation
Transport of Dangerous
ICAO Annex 11 Goods by Air

Air Traffic Services

Aerodromes Manual
(Terminal Building)
(Annex 14)
and taxing
 Flight Preparation
(Annex 6 part I) A flight shall not be commenced until
flight preparation forms have been completed
certifying that the pilot-in-command is satisfied that:

The Instrument &

The Airplane is aiworthy equipment are installed
and suficient for flight

A Maintenance realease The Mass of the ariplane

has been issued and CoG location

Any load carried is

Check operating
properly & safely
limitaions
secured

Relating to operational
flight planning
 Factors Affecting
Aircraft Performance
1. Mass (weighed)
2. Elevation (above mean sea level) of the aerodrome and
its pressure altitude
3. Temperature
4. Wind
5. Gradient of the Runway
6. Condition of the runway (i.e. presence of slush, water or
ice) for land-planes, or the water surface conditions for
sea-planes.
 Flight Plan

Alternate Weather Fuel and Oil

Aerodromes Condition Supply

Refuelling with Oxygen Supply

Pax on Board
(not for avgas)
 Alternate Aerodrome

 A Take-off alternate is an aerodrome at which an aircraft

would be able to land should this become necessary
shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the
aerodrome of departure.
 An En-route alternate is an aerodrome at which an
aircraft would be able to land in the event that a diversion
becomes necessary while en route.
 A Destination alternate is an aerodrome at which an
aircraft would be able to land should it become either
impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of
intended landing.
 In-Flight Procedures

Aerodrome Meteorological Hazardous Flight Crew Use of Oxygen

Operating Observation Flight Members at
Minima Condition Duty Stations

Safeguarding In-flight Instrument Aeroplane Aeroplane

of Cabin Crew Operational Flight Operating Operating
& Pax in Instructions Procedures Procedures for Procedures for
Pressurized Noise Rates of Climb
Aeroplanes Abatement and Descent
 Aerodrome Operating Minima
a) A flight shall not be continued towards the intended
destination unless the latest information available indicates
that, at the ET A, landing can be made at the aerodrome, or
at least one destination alternate, in accordance with the
established operating minima.
b) An instrument approach shall not be continued beyond the
outer marker fix in case of precision approach, or below
300m (lOOOft) above the aerodrome in case of non-
precision approach, unless the reported visibility or
controlling RVR is above the specified minimum.
c) If, after passing the outer marker fix in case of precision
approach, or after descending below 300m (lOOOft) above
the aerodrome in case of non-precision approach, the
reported visibility or controlling RVR falls below the
specified minimum, the approach may continue to DA/H or
MDA/H. In any case, an aeroplane shall not continue its
approach-to-land at any aerodrome beyond a point at
which the limits of the operating minima specified for that
aerodrome would be infringed.
Approach Procedure/Segment
Approach Speed
 Aeroplane Flight Crew

 The pilot in command (PIC) of an aircraft is the person

aboard the aircraft who is ultimately responsible for its
operation and safety during flight.
 The Pilot Flying (PF) is the pilot in control of the flight
trajectory of the aircraft.
 The Pilot Non Flying (PNF) or the Pilot Monitoring (PM)
is the pilot who must monitor the flight management
and aircraft control action of PF and carry out support
duties such as communication & check list reading.
 Emergency & Survival
 In order to assist the Search and Rescue organisation
plan and execure any SAR operation, the Operator must
maintain lists of all the emergency and survival
equipment fitted to aeroplanes for use in the operation.
 The list includes number, colour, and type of life rafts,
details of pyrothecnics (flares and rockets), details of
emergency medical supplies, water supplies, and the
type and frequencies of portable emergency radio
equipment.
 Emergency Equipment

Life Jacket Fire Fire Axe Portable

Extinguisher Oxygen Mask

First Aid Kit Torches Raft Megaphone

Evacuate and Survival
 Passenger Briefing
• Given to all passengers is a briefing before take-off
covering the safety and emergency procedures followed.

Smoking Seat Positions/ Emergency Floor Lighting &

Prohibited Seat Belts for Exits Marking
T/O & L/D

Stowage of Use of Portable The Location of

Hand Baggage Electronic Safety Brief
Devices Card
 Carriage and Use of Oxygen

 The performance of crew members and the well-

being of passengers during flight at such altitudes
where a lack of oxygen might result in impairment of
faculties are of major concern.
 Research conducted in altitude chambers or by
exposure to mountain elevations indicates that
human tolerance could be related to the altitude
concerned and the exposure time. Absolute Metres Feet
Pressure
700 hPa 3.000 10.000
620 hPa 4.000 13.000
376 hPa 7.600 25.000
 Use of Oxygen

 All crew members when engaged in performing

duties essential to the safe operation of an aeroplane
in flight, should use breathing oxygen continuously
whenever the circumstances prevail for which its
supply has been indicated to be necessary.
 All flight crew members of pressurized aeroplanes
operating above an altitude where the atmospheric
pressure less than 376 hPa should have available at
the flight duty station a quick donning type of mask
which will readily supply oxygen upon demand.
 Carriage of Dangerous Goods or Not Carriage of Dangerous
Goods

 Dangerous goods are

items or substances that
may endanger the safety
of an aircraft,
passengers or cargo on
board. The following
dangerous goods have
restrictions for air travel
and must be confirmed
for carriage with Alliance
Airlines prior to travel. 
(Annex part 18)
 Classifications of Dangerous Goods

1. Explossives 2. Gasses 3. Flammable 4. Flammable 5. Oxidizing

Liquids Solids Substances

6. Toxic & 7. Radioactive 8. Corrosives 9.

Infectious Material Miscellaneous
Substances
 Flight Operation Manual
An operations manual, which may be issued in separate parts corresponding
to specific aspects of operations, shall contain at least the following:

a) Operations administration and supervision.

b) Accident prevention and flight safety programme.
c) Personnel training.
d) Fatigue and flight time limitations.
e) Flight operations.
f) Aeroplane information.
g) Route guides and charts.
 Flight Operation Manual

h) Minimum flight altitudes.

i) Aerodrome operating minima.
j) Search and rescue.
k) Dangerous goods.
l) Navigation.
m) Communications.
n) Security.
o) Human factors.
 Documents to be Carried

1. Certificate of Registration (C o R)
2. Certificate of Airworthiness (C o A)
3. Airplane Flight Manual (AFM)/ Pilot Operating
Handbook (POH)
4. Aircraft Radio Licence
5. Noise Certificate (if applicable)
6. Third Party Liability insurance certificates and
7. Crew licences with appropriate ratings
 Flight Safety /
Aviation Safety Hazard

Foreign Object Misleading Lightning Ice and Snow Wind shear

Debris Information and
Lack of
Information

Engine Failure Structural Stalling Bird Strike Human Factors

Failure of The
Aircraft
 Communication and Position Reporting
Procedure
1. Use the correct type of message applicable to
the data transmitted
2. State the message type in the contact call to
the ground station or at the start of the
message
3. Adhere strictly to the sequence of information
for the type of message
4. All times in any of the messages should be
expressed in hrs and min UTC
 Minimum Radio Equipment

a) Two-way communication for aerodrome control purposes

b) Receiving meteorological information at any time during
the flight, and
c) Conducting two-way communication at any time during the
flight with at least one aeronautical station and with other
such station and on such frequencies as may be prescribed
by the appropriate authority.
d) The fitted radio equipment shall be capable of
communication on the aeronautical emergency frequency,
121.500MHz.
 Transponder

 A transponder (XPDR) is a receiver/transmitter which will

generate a reply signal upon proper interrogation; the
interrogation and reply being on different frequencies. (ICAO)
 Civil aircraft may be equipped with transponders capable of
operating in different modes:
1. Mode A equipment transmits an identifying code only.
2. Mode C equipment enables the ATC to see the aircraft altitude
or flight level automatically.
3. Mode S equipment has altitude capability and also permits
data exchange.
Squawk Code
ATC Light Signals
Thank
You
 QUIZ

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