Analysis of Nectar Extraction of Eucalyotus

regnans In Lipi Forest, Bogor Indonesia, Using

Simple and Effective Tools in Sampling Flowers

GRESIA PUTERI 1710422033

JANNATI AULAH 2020422002
HNIN PHYU WAI 2020428001
 Background
• Eucalyptus is a unique flora found in Papua and
the small islands around it, where this plant
species also occurs in the Queensland region of
North Australia.
• This species is also found in the Philippine
Islands, namely the Island of Mindanao or in
Papua New Guinea.
• E. pellita F.muell is one type of plant developed
for Industrial Plantation Forests (HTI) because
of its adaptability and the wood can be used for
pulp.
• E. pellita F.muell can grow to a height of 10-25
m (Steenis, 2002) .

Eucalyptus
 Background (Classification)
Classification of Eucalyptus pellita. (Tjitrosoepomo, 2000)

Division: Spermatophyta
Sub Division: Angiosperms
Class: Dycotyledoneae
Order: Myrtales
Family: Mrytaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species: Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell

Eucalyptus Pellita
 Background
• Nectar is a sugar -rich liquid produced by plants
in glands.
• Nectar samples are needed for research studies
ranging from pollination, plant physiology and
ecological functions.
• Studies on nectar are also needed for research Flower of Eucalyptus Pellita
on honey and pollen production, and their
traceability (Ferreres, Andrade, & Tomás-
Barberán, 1996; Jerković et al., 2016).
• In particular, nectar from canopy vegetation is
the main source of various types of honey
(Carina, Soledad, & Marina, 2014).

Flower of Eucalyptus Pellita

 Background
• There are several methods of nectar sampling that are used to accurately measure the nectar content in
flowers (Morrant, Schumann, & Petit, 2009; Power, Stabler, Borland, Barnes, & Wright, 2018).
• Since its effectiveness can depend on various factors such as flower morphology, nectar type and
sampling system (Bolten & Feinsinger, 1978; Kearns & Inouye, 1993), selecting the right technique can
be challenging (Lloyd, Ayre, & Whelan, 2002).
• Generally, sampling nectar from flowers requires three operational stages:
(a) bag flowers the day before sampling to protect flowers from nectar seekers (Corbet, 2003)
(b) sampling of nectar from flowers / inflorescences of the same plant and from several individuals of the
same species
(c) measure the volume of nectar.
 Background
• Many difficulties in forest canopy research apparently arise from problems related to access.
• In a survey of 112 canopy researchers, examples of problems cited include: bias in the selection of
study species or sampling locations, difficulties in obtaining adequate replication, and problems in
collecting data.
• These previous studies in - volved the usage of specialized and expensive machinery such as cranes
(up to 20 m tree high).
• Given the little information encountered on nectar col - lection from the canopy level, and the logistical
issues re - lated to the current methodologies, we offer a practical, light, and simple ground-based tool
for conducting effective investi - gations on nectar from medium-height trees of Eucalyptus pellita
• With the selected eucalyptus height, which is up to 10-15 meters.
 Objective
to extract nectar on a medium eucalyptus regnans, using a
simple and inexpensive tool
 Materials and Method
The materials and equipment that we need to make tool are the following:
• a telescopic lopper pole(of fiberglass, carbon fibre or aluminium) extendible up to 7.5 m with a
removable lopper head attached by a clamp screw and that has a hollow terminal junction;
• a 2 L plastic bottle cut in half;
• organza (or nylon) and
• plastic drawstring bags.

• Tools
1. Camera Chip (2,3 cmx 2,3 cm)
2. Telescopic antena (FiberGlass antenna Pole)
3. Support Leg
 Materials and Method (Tools)
FiberGlass antenna
Tools Pole
1. Camera Chip (2,3 cmx 2,3 cm)
to record image; direct toward the correct
flower
2. Telescopic antena (FiberGlass antenna Pole)
cheaper than steel or alumunium with the same
height
3. Support Leg
For balance

Camera Chip (Wireless) Support Leg

F I G U R E 1 Materials and equipment
necessary to assemble
the ground-based tool for nectar sampling from (a)
trees: (a) 2 L type plastic bottle cut in half (plastic (f)
cup); (b) a 16-mm vinyl joiner tube; (c) 3 mm
diameter and 20 m length nylon cord; (d) an
organza bag with drawstrings; (e) polyethylene (b)
plastic bag with drawstring; (f) telescopic lopper
pole
(c)

(d)

(e)
Sequence for tool assemblage

F I G U R E 2 Stages (a–d) for assembling

the ground-based tool.
(a) Inserting the vinyl joiner tube in the
empty junction between the lopper head and
the pole; (b) connection of the ‘plastic cup’ to
the vinyl joiner tube; (c) location of the
organza bag in the plastic ‘cup’; (d) insertion
of the cord into the drawstrings’ ends of the
bag
F I G U R E 3 Stages (a–d) for using the
ground-based tool for nectar collection.
(a) Location of the double cords on two
opposite sides of the bag, one couple in
front and one at the back of the lopper
head; (b) placing the organza bag over the
inflorescence; (c) pulling down all the
cord ends; (d) cutting the tree branch
carrying the covered inflorescence
Sequence for infloresence bagging
• First step is to identify the target branch carrying inflorescences to
be sampled the day before nectar sampling, and covering them
with an organza bag.
• Second, it is necessary to cover the inflorescence with the organza
bag using the ground-based tool and the organza bag previously
connected to the cords (Figure 3b). Once the inflorescence is
covered by the organza bag, pull down the two cord ends at the
same time with a rapid movement to close the drawstrings of the
bag.
The next stage consists of completing the inflorescence
collection by cutting the branch of the tree carrying the
covered inflorescence (Figure 3d) the following day. If
the nectar is exposed and risks falling out of the corolla, a
plastic bag can be placed over the organza bag previously
positioned on the inflorescence using the same tool. This
ensures the branch at the base of the covered
inflorescence can be cut, without any nectar loss.
Reference
Martin G. Barker; Michelle A. Pinard (2001). Forest canopy research: sampling problems, and
some solutions. , 153(1-2), 23–38. 
Scaccabarozzi, Daniela; Campbell, Tristan; Dods, Kenneth (2020). A simple and effective
ground‐based tool for sampling tree flowers at height for subsequent nectar extraction.
Methods in Ecology and Evolution, (), 2041-210X.13453–.