The Skeletal System

Quick Question…..
What would happen to the
body if the skeleton
disappeared?
Functions of the Skeletal System:
The skeleton has 5 important
functions:
1. Supports the human body.
2. Protects internal organs.
3. Gives shape to the body.
4. Helps the body to move.
5. Makes red blood cells.
• The human body is made of 206
bones. The largest bone is the
femur (found in the thigh) and
the smallest bones are the bones
found in the ear.
• At birth, a baby is born with 300
different bones. This is more
than an adult. As a person grows,
their bones fuses (joins)
together causing single bones to
become as one.
What are bones made of…
• The outside of the bones is made of 2
minerals called: CALCIUM AND
PHOSPHORUS.
• Inside of many bones is a soft, spongy
material called BONE MARROW.
–This is where your blood cells are
made.
 CHECK POINT
Fill in the blanks
The following are the functions of the skeletal system:
• ____________ the human body
• ____________ our internal organs
• Give ____________to the body
• Helps the body to ____________
• Makes ____________ cells
 CHECK POINT

• What are the two minerals

needed for strong healthy
bones?
• Where are the blood cells
made?
 Forensic Science

T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/

Activity #1 Listen to the Dry bones song and sing along.
Replace the common names with scientific names while singing.
Skeleton SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME

Carpel Wrist
Clavicle collar
Cranium skull
Femur thigh bone
Mandible lower jaw
Maxillia upper jaw
Patella knee cap
Phalanges fingers or toes
Pinky Ulna
Thumb Radius
Scapula shoulder blade
Sternum breast bone
Tarsal ankle
Tibia shin bone
Vertebral backbone
column
Upper Body Skeleton
Skeletal system’s important parts

Common Name
Skull
Scientific Name
Cranium
 Common Name
Lower Jawbone
Scientific Name
Mandible

Common Name
Upper Jawbone
Scientific Name
Maxilla
Skeletal system’s important parts

Common Name
Ribs
Scientific Name
Rib Cage

-Pair of 12 bones
•Common Name
Breastbone
•Scientific Name
Sternum
 Common
Name
Back Bone
Scientific
Name
Vertebral
column
Common
Name
Collar
Bone
Scientific
Name
Clavicle
Common
Name
Shoulder
Blade
Scientific
Name
Scapula
 Common
Name
Upper arm
Scientific
Name
Humerus

Common Name
Lower arm Common Name
bone(thumb) Lower arm bone(Pinky
Scientific Name Scientific Name
Radius Ulna
Common
Name
Fingers
Scientific
Name
Phalanges

Common Name
Palm of Hand
Common Name Scientific Name
Wrist Metacarpals
Scientific Name
Carpals
Question
• A pitcher in a softball game has to use several bones to throw the
softball from her hand to the plate. Name all of the bones used to
throw the ball.
Answer
• Phalanges
• Metacarpals
• Carpals
• Radius
• Ulna
• Humerus
Lower Body Skeleton
Skeletal system’s important parts

•Common Name
Breastbone
•Scientific Name
Sternum
•Common Name
Thigh bone
•Scientific Name
Femur
•Common Name
Kneecap
•Scientific Name
Patella
•Common Name
Shine bone
•Scientific Name
Tibia
• Common Name
Lower leg bone
(Calf)
Scientific Name
Fibula
• Common Name
Ankles
• Scientific Name
Tarsals
• Common Name
Sole of Feet
• Scientific Name
MetaTarsals
• Common Name
Toes
• Scientific Name
Phalanges
 Tissues of the skeleton
• There are 3 main tissues of the
Skeleton.
1.Cartilage
2.Ligaments
3.Tendons
 Tissues of the skeleton

1)Cartilage is a rubbery material found

between the ends of 2 bones where they are
joined together.
• Cartilage prevents the bones from rubbing
together.
Places where
cartilage are found:
*Nose
*Outer Ear
*Between the wind
pipe
 Tissues of the skeleton
2) Ligaments are stretchy elastic material that join
one bone to another bone.
 Tissues of the skeleton
3) Tendons are tough non-elastic fibers
that join muscles to bones.
Tendons
(In your
hand)
 Tissues of the skeleton
• Cartilage is at ends of 2 bones.

• Ligaments join one bone to bone.

• Tendons join muscles to bones.

Wing Dissection
SKELETAL JOINTS
 JOINTS
A joint is a place where two
bones meet.
• Joints can be movable or immovable (fixed)
1. Immovable, or fixed joints don't
move (e.g. the cranium/skull).
2. Movable or synovial joints
move in many directions.

Synovial Fluid is an oily

substance that lubricates the
joints, so they can move
freely. It also helps the bones
to move freely.

(Lubricates means to keep

moist.)
Type of Joint Description Found:

Ball & Socket It allows movement in Hips

all directions.
Shoulders
The ball like end of one
bones fits into a cup-like
(socket).
Ball & Socket Joint
Pivot Joint Allow a Neck
rotating or
twisting
motion (e.g.
moving your
head from
side to side.
Hinge Joint Allows movement Elbow
in one direction
only (back and Knees
forth).
Toes

Fingers
Gliding Joint The bones of Bones in your
gliding joints wrist and ankle.
slide across
each other.
FRACTURES
 Closed FRACTURE

In a closed fracture
the bone is broken
but does not come
through the skin.
OPEN OR COMPOUND FRACTURE

In an Open
Fracture the bone
is broken and
comes thru the
skin.
 Comminuted fracture

In a comminuted
fracture the bones is
shattered or broken
in many places.
 GREENSTICK fracture
Greenstick fractures
occur mainly in young
children whose bones are
not as hard. The break
may be full or partial and
usually heals quickly.
INJURIES TO THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
1.A SPRAIN occurs when a
joint is forced between its
degree of movement
causing pain and swelling.
Sprains usually occur at
the ankle.
INJURIES TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

2.A Dislocation happens

when a bone comes put
its joint by violent force. It
usually occurs at the ball
& socket joint of the
shoulder.
INJURIES TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
3. Shin splint is a painful
condition at the top of the
tibia caused when blood
circulation of the leg muscle
is blocked. This happens in
athletes who don’t warm up
or go beyond their physical
limit.
Taking care of your skeletal system

1.Need Vitamin D from

Milk, Fish Liver Oil
(Vitamin D is also made in the body by sunlight.)
 2. Youneed MINERALS:
• Calcium found in Milk Cheese and Dairy
Products)

• Phosphorus found in All foods, e.g. Fish,

nuts, meat

TAKING CARE OF YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM

 3. Exercise regularly.

4. Get enough sleep.

TAKING CARE OF YOUR SKELETAL SYSTEM