Digestive System

 The digestion of food begins in the mouth

and ends in the small intestines There are
several processes that food goes through as it
passes along the alimentary canal:
 (A) Ingestion – this is the process of putting
any substance into the mouth.
 (B) Digestion is the process in which food is
broken down into smaller usable pieces.
 (C) Egestion – this is the removal of
undigested foods from the body.
Types of Digestion

 There are two types of digestion:

 - Mechanical(Physical) digestion - this
involves physically breaking down food into
tiny pieces. For example, crushing and
grinding food.
 - Chemical digestion – this involves the action
of enzymes to break food down.
THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS
 Mouth – Food is broken down into smaller
pieces.
 Esophagus- Pushes food down to the stomach.
 Epiglottis- a structure that prevents food from
going into the wind pipe.
 Stomach – holds the food while it is being
chemically digested.
 Small intestines – ensures that the nutrients are
absorbed.
 Pancreas – Aids with breaking down food by
secreting enzymes.
 Liver –produces bile(substance that break
down fats)
 Gallbladder – stores bile
 Large intestine – helps escort waste out of
the body
MOVEMENT OF FOOD

Digestion of food begins in the mouth and ends at

the small intestines.
1. Mouth – When food is put into the mouth, the
teeth crush and chew the food into smaller pieces.
Saliva from the salivary glands also mixes with the
food and moistens it.
2. Esophagus – the soft food called BOLUS then
passes through the esophagus. As the food passes,
the esophagus squeezes together forcing the food
into the stomach. This is called PERASTALSIS.
 3. Stomach – the stomach is made up of very
powerful smooth muscles that help to break
down the food further. The gastric juice and
acid helps break down the food into liquids.

 The digested food may stay in the stomach

for about four (4) hours and then passes into
the small intestine.
 4. Small Intestine - In the small intestine digest,
fatty foods are digested by pancreatic and
intestinal juices and bile.
 5. Large Intestine – all the fatty foods that can
NOT be digested is stored in the rectum of the
large intestine. Most of the water that we drink
passes out the large intestine into our body.

 Later, faeces pass out of the body through the

anus.
Summary of Movement of Food

Mouth Esophagus Stomach

Small Intestine Large Intestine

The large intestine (rectum) stores undigested

and unused food until it is removed by egestion
through the anus.
1. Write the name of each colored organ(7):

 light Green:
 Red:
 Pink:
 Brown:
 Purple:
 Green:
 Yellow:
 2. Define the terms Ingestion, digestion and
egestion. (3)
 3. What is another name for the digestive
system? (1)
 4. Where do digestion begins and ends? (2)
 5. What are the two types of digestion and how
are they different? (4)
 6. What is perastalsis? (1)
 7. Explain, in details, the path in which food
travels. (10)
DIGESTIVE JUICES

 Digestive juices help to break down food

particles.
Types of Digestive Juices
DIGESTIVE JUICES WHERE THEY ARE MADE

Saliva Salivary gland

Gastric Juice Stomach

Bile *made in the liver and stored in

gallbladder
Pancreatic Juice Pancreas

Intestinal Juices Small Intestine

Pepsin Stomach
*digest proteins
 ENZYMES

 Enzymes are chemicals that speed up the

digestion of food.
 Digestive enzymes are made in glands and
mix with water to break down the food.
Examples of Enzymes

 Amylase
 found in the mouth
 breaks down starch to maltose
 Maltase
 found in the small intestine
 breaks down maltose to glucose
 Lactase
 found in the small intestine
 breaks down lactose to glucose
End products of digestion
Nutrients End Products Function

Carbohydrates *Are broken down to Provides the body with

glucose energy

Proteins *Are broken down to Used to build body tissue

amino acids like muscles

Fats/Oils *Are broken down to fatty Used to build and help

acids keep body warm

Vitamins, Minerals and Do not have to be digested _______

water