Water Supply System

Uses Of Water

TPS 213
INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
Water supply is rain water which has been collected in water
storage lakes then treated so it is safe for people to drink.
Water supply pipes carry water to our homes and workplaces.

What is water supply?

• Jabatan Bekalan Air

Who is in charged?
1. Clean and clear water (safe to drink, bathing, cleaning
etc) by using turbidity test.
2. Continuous/ long lasting supply
3. The quality of water should not deteriorate (merosot)
4. Adequate pressure
5. Adequate supply
6. Gravity flows

What is turbidity?

Objectives of Water
The quality of
drinking water is
low as the water is

Supply not colourless &

not safe to drink
Three aspects should be considered in appraising
water resources :

of
The The
The quality available
quantity reliability water

Sources of water supply

1 2 3

Groundwater
Precipitation that
Surface water falls infiltrates the
Natural resources
Direct runoff soil
rainfall
Amount of Factors to select
snow
surface water site:
hail Lowest level
depends on
sleet Not contaminated
rainfall
area
High water table

Sources of water supply

Water supply system
• A water tank is a container which
is used to hold and store water.
• providing storage of water for
drinking water, irrigation
agriculture, fire suppression,
agricultural farming, both for
plants and livestock, chemical
manufacturing, food preparation
as well as many other
applications.

Water Tank
A A
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Highest level

Security
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Factors in Locating Water Tank

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1. Water quality should not deteriorated in the distribution pipes
2. Capable in supply water at all intended places with good pressure
3. Capable of supplying necessary amount of water during fire
fighting
4. The layout should be such that no consumer would be without
water supply, during the repair of any section of the system
5. All the distribution pipes should be preferably laid one metre
away or above the sewer lines
6. Should be fairly watertight as to keep losses due to leakage to the
minimum.
What is sewer

Requirements of Good
lines?
The laying pattern
of sewer pipe in

Distribution System the sewerage

system
• For efficient distribution system adequate water pressure
required at various points.
• Depending upon the level of source, topography of the
area and other local conditions the water may be forced
into distribution system by following ways:
1. Gravity
2. Pumping
3. Combination of gravity and pumping

Methods of Water
Distribution
Gravity system
Pumping system
Combined pumping and gravity system
Combined pumping and gravity system
• Wastewater = any type of
water that has been utilized
in some capacity that
negatively impacts the
quality of the water.
• water that is discharged from
households, office and retail
buildings, and
manufacturing plants.
• Wastewater may also refer to
any water that is utilized in
an agricultural facility and is
no longer considered fit for
human consumption. What is domestic
wastewater?
Kitchen and toilet

What is wastewater? wastes

Why consider alternative water supplies?
• Prolonged periods of drought, coupled with increasingly prevalent climate change indicators have led the Victorian Government, the water
industry, commercial and residential consumers alike to consider opportunities for water conservation and alternative sources of water supply.
• While the Water Act 1989 and Victorian Water Allocation Framework do not fully cover alternative supply sources, they will become
incorporated into the framework as policy is developed and legislation is passed.

What alternative supplies are being considered?

• The Government has developed the next stage of the Victorian Water Plan which will see $4.9 billion spent in major water infrastructure
projects to provide the biggest boost to Victoria's water supplies in 25 years. Increased use of stormwater and recycled water are two important
alternative sources of supply in the plan.
• Stormwater is untreated run-off from urban areas. It is typically high in contaminants including litter, hydrocarbons from roads and other
human and animal waste. For this reason it is not suitable for human use without further treatment.
• Stormwater is typically discharged into waterways or the ocean. Before it reaches waterways/ocean, stormwater is the responsibility of local
government under the Local Government Act 1989. After it reaches waterways, stormwater becomes part of the normal water allocation
framework.

• Recycled water is water derived from sewerage systems or trade waste that has been treated for re-use.
• In 2006/07 approximately 22.5% of Melbourne’s wastewater was recycled through agricultural, residential parks and gardens and industrial
recycling schemes.
• Recycled water is not specifically covered by the water allocation framework until it reaches a waterway. After it reaches waterways, recycled
water becomes part of the normal water allocation framework.
• Desalination: a major desalination plant is to supply up to 150 billion litres of water a year to Melbourne, Geelong and South Gippsland and
Western Port towns. Construction of the plant is scheduled to commence in 2009 in order to start delivering water by the end of 2011.
The project will include an 85 kilometre pipeline to connect the plant to Melbourne. It will be capable of providing around a third of
Melbourne's annual water supply.

• In Malaysia, the current alternative supplies were from groundwater.

Alternative Supplies
Intermittent water supply

What is intermittent
water supply?
disturbance may be
due to low pressure
of shortage of supply

Water Supply Problems