#1

Which of the following does not belong to the

group?
a. Systematic Sampling
b. Quota Sampling
c. Stratified Sampling
d. Cluster Sampling
#2

The best sampling design because every

member in the population has equal chance
of inclusion in the sample is .
a. Simple Random Sampling
b. Systematic Random Sampling
c. Stratefied Random Sampling
d. Cluster Random Sampling
#3
Sampling design is based on the selection of
the individuals as samples according to the
required number of samples no matter how
they are selected.
a. Convenience Sampling
b. Quota Sampling
c. Accidental Sampling
d. Judgment Sampling
#4

A sampling design adheres in which all individuals

in the population are arranged in either
alphabetical or chronological order and the kth
name may be chosen is known as:
a. Simple Random Sampling
b. Systematic Random Sampling
c. Stratified Random Sampling
d. Cluster Random Sampling
#5
The advantages of probability sampling over
non-probability sampling includes:
a. sample based on laws of chance provides a
measure of how precise the estimates are
b. there is thus an objective way of evaluating the
results of a survey
c. if we are certain that the conditions imposed by
the use of a certain probability method were
satisfied, then we will know how much confidence
to place on the result
d. all of the above
#6

A sampling design in which the theory involved

is much easier to comprehend than the theory
behind other sampling design is called:
a. Simple Random Sampling
b. Systematic Random Sampling
c. Stratified Random Sampling
d. Cluster Random Sampling
#7

Sampling design in which the population is

grouped into small units such as district is:
a. Simple Random Sampling
b. Systematic Random Sampling
c. Stratified Random Sampling
d. Cluster Random Sampling
#8

In a population of 375, the probability that a

member will be picked out for the random
sample is:
a. 375
b. 1
c. 1/375
d. 1/374
#9

Advantage of non-probability sampling over

probability sampling include:
a. easier to execute
b. convenient
c. economical in terms of cost and time
d. all of the above
#10

Selection samples based on expert opinion is

called .
a. Convenience Sampling
b. Accidental Sampling
c. Quota Sampling
d. Judgment Sampling
I. Identification:Determine the type of sampling used Quiz
(simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster, or
convenience).
1. A soccer coach selects 6 players from a group of boys aged 8 to10, 7
players from a group of boys aged 11 to 12, and 3 players from a group
of boys aged 13 to 14 to form a recreational soccer team.
2. A pollster interviews all human resource personnel in five different
high tech companies.
3. A high school educational researcher interviews 50 high school female
teachers and 50 high school male teachers.
4. A medical researcher interviews every third cancer patient from a list
of cancer patients at a local hospital.
5. A high school counselor uses a computer to generate 50 random
numbers and then picks students whose names correspond to the
numbers.
6. A student interviews classmates in his algebra class to determine how
many pairs of jeans a student owns, on the average.
II. Discuss the following problems.
1. It is known that high-income groups have
different consumption patterns from average and
low-income groups. If a researcher will make a
survey on the consumption method, what would
you recommend so that each type of income
earner would be properly represented?
2. The English teacher has 20 complimentary tickets
to a stage play. She is planning to distribute
those tickets to her class of size 50. What
sampling method will the teacher apply so as to
distribute those tickets without being accused of
favoritism?
Presentation of Data
January 15, 2018
Types of Data Presentation

1. Textual Presentation
2. Tabular Presentation
3. Graphical Presentation
Textual Presentation

 Usesstatement with numerals in order to

describe the data purposely to get
attention to some significant data
 Consists of describing data in expository
form
Example 1
You are asked to present the performance of your
section in the Statistics test. The following are the
test scores of your class:
34 42 20 50 17 9 34 45
43 50 18 35 43 50 23 45
23 35 37 38 38 39 39 46
38 38 39 24 29 25 26 45
28 27 44 44 49 48 46 46
First, arrange the data in order for you to identify
the important characteristics. This can be done in
two ways: rearranging from lowest to highest or
using the stem-and-leaf plot. Below is the
rearrangement of data from lowest to highest:
9 23 28 35 38 43 45 48
17 24 29 37 39 43 45 49
18 25 34 38 39 44 46 50
20 26 34 38 39 44 46 50
23 27 35 38 42 45 46 50
 With the rearranged data, pertinent data
worth mentioning can be easily recognized. The
following is one way of presenting data in
textual form.

In the Statistics class of 40 students, 3

obtained the perfect score of 50. Sixteen
students got a score of 40 and above, while only
3 got 19 and below. Generally, the students
performed well in the test with 23 or 70%
getting a passing score of 38 and above
 Another way of rearranging data is by
making use of the stem-and-leaf plot.
What is a Stem-and-Leaf Plot?
Stem-and-leaf Plot is a table which sorts
data according to a certain pattern. It
involves separating a number into two parts.
In a two-digit number, the stem consists of
the first digit, and the leaf consists of the
second digit. While in a three-digit number,
the stem consists of the first two digits, and
the leaf consists of the last digit. In a one-
digit number, the stem is zero.
Below is the stem-and-leaf plot of the
ungrouped data given in the example.

Stem Leaves
0 9
1 7, 8
2 0, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
3 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9
4 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 8, 9
5 0, 0, 0
Prepare a Stem-and-Leaf Plot and
present in textual form
Scores of Forty BSBA Students in a 100-Item Test in
Statistics Achievement Test

80 90 95 88 99 95 99 97
70 65 56 58 59 87 98 83
60 77 83 85 91 79 78 84
56 61 62 63 64 65 66 67
68 71 72 73 74 75 78 79
Answer

Stem Leaves
5 6, 6, 8, 9
6 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8
7 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9
8 0, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
9 0, 1, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9, 9
Example 2

Of the 150 sample interviewed, the following

complaints were noted: 27 for lack of books in the
library, 25 for a dirty playground, 20 for lack of
laboratory equipment, 17 for a not well maintained
university buildings, while another 17 complained of
unsanitary cafeteria because of foul smelling toilet.
Another 13 complained that the food in the
cafeteria is not enough, 10 perceived that the
teachers are not friendly, and five complained for
lack of resting-place.
Exercises

Consider the data on the Top Three (3) Leading Causes of

Death in the Philippines in 2014. Explain briefly the result.

Cause Number
1) Heart disease 125,906
2) Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) 69,913
3) Malignant neoplasms (cancer) 56,219
Tabular Presentation

 Method of presenting data using statistical

table
 Systematic organization of data in columns
and rows
Example 1 Table 1
Enrolment Profile
College of Accountancy
UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
A.Y. 2011 – 2012
(First Semester)
Example 2

Table 2. Family Planning Method in the Philippines in 2013

FAMILY PLANNING Percentage

Any method 55.10%
Modern method (permanent female/male sterilization) 37.60%
Supply method (e.g. pill, IUD, condom) 28.20%
Natural family planning method (mucus/billings/ovulation,
0.90%
standard days, LAM)
Traditional method (calendar, withdrawal, other methods) 17.50%
No method 44.90%

Sources: PSA, Family Planning Survey and Family Health Survey

Parts of Statistical Table
 TableHeading – shows the table number
and the title.
 Table number - serves to give the table an
identity.
 Tabletitle – briefly explains what are being
presented.
 Body – it is the main part of the table
which contains the quantitative
information.
 Stub – classification or categories found at
the left side of the body of the table.
 BoxHead – the captions that appear above
the column. It identifies what are
contained in the column.
 Footnotes – any statement or note at the
foot or bottom of the table
 Source of Data – specific source of data
Make a Tabular Presentation out of the
following data gathered
Of the 150 sample interviewed, the following
complaints were noted: 27 for lack of books in the
library, 25 for a dirty playground, 20 for lack of
laboratory equipment, 17 for a not well maintained
university buildings, while another 17 complained of
unsanitary cafeteria because of foul smelling toilet.
Another 13 complained that the food in the
cafeteria is not enough, 10 perceived that the
teachers are not friendly, and five complained for
lack of resting-place.
Table 1. Complaints of the 150 Students Interviewed

Complaints Number
lack of books in the library 27
dirty playground 25
lack of laboratory equipment 20
not well maintained university buildings 17
unsanitary cafeteria because of foul smelling toilet 17
food in the cafeteria is not enough 13
teachers are not friendly 10
lack of resting-place 5
Graphical Presentation

 Illustrative
materials in the form of graphs
go a long way of helping the statisticians
understand the text.
A graph is perhaps the most attractive,
effective, and convincing way.
Bar Graph
 An excellent way to show relationships between
groups
 Consists of bars or rectangles, which are drawn
vertically or horizontally
 When a nominal data is presented in a bar graph,
the bar must be separated rather than connected
because the categories are not continuous.
 Forordinal and interval data, the bar must be
connected in order to emphasize the differences.
Example
Figure 1 shows the leading cause of deaths in the Philippines. Disorder of
the heart was the first cause of deaths which accounted for 60,417. The
second was pneumonia (32,637). Third was cerebrovascular diseases
(21,705) followed by chronic lower respiratory diseases.
70000
60417
60000

50000
Total Number of Deaths

40000
32637
30000
21705
20000 15904

10000 5680 6395

0
Chronic Lower Pneumonia Cerebro Vascular Disorder of the Transport Malignant
Respiratory Diseases Heart Accident Neoplasm of
Diseases Lung

Figure 1: Selected Causes of Death in the Philippines

Circle Graph (Pie Chart)

 Particularly
good illustrations when considering
how many parts of a whole are inceptions.
 Constructed by dividing a circle into two or more
sections
 Itshould be used when you want to compare
individual categories with the whole.
 This kind of graph is appropriate for a nominal
data
Example
Figure 2 shows the ten leading child
Figure 2: Ten Leading Causes of Child Mortality Among
mortality among Filipino ages 5 – 9.
Filipinos Ages 5 - 9
For children ages 5 – 9 years old,
5.09
the number one leading cause of
child mortality was accident 16.36
(41.4%). Pneumonia was the second
cause of child mortality (16.4%) and 3.62
41.4

the third was malignant neoplasm 3.29

(9.2%). 5.01

4.99

6.33
5.09 9.2

Accidents Diarrheas and gastroen-

Malignant Neoplasm Other diseases of the nervous
Septicema Congenital Abnormalities
Diaseases of the heart Meningitis
Pneumonia Tubercolosis, all forms
Line Graph

 Most useful in displaying data that changes

continuously over time
 The categories are chronologically arranged on
the horizontal axis and the relevant values are
indicated in the vertical axis
 Variations in the data are indicated by a series of
line segments formed by joining consecutive
points plotted above the categories
Example
Figure 3 shows the distribution of enrolment at a certain day care center during
the period 1999 – 2006.

Figure 3. Distribution of Enrolment at a Day Care, Period 1999-2006

100
90
80
70
60
Enrolment

50
40
30
20
10
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year
Pictograph

 Usespictures or symbols to represent

information
Example

Daily Profit of Fish Value-Added Products for Five Days

Monday ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
Tuesday ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
Wednesday ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
Thursday ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
Friday ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱

Each ₱ stands for Php 100.00

Figure 4. Daily Profit of Fish Value-Added Products for Five Days
Seatwork
Construct a (1) Vertical Bar Graph and a (2) Pie
Chart on the data on common types of pre-
treatment used for hospital wastes given below. (3)
Explain briefly the result.
Types of pre-treatment Percentage
Chemical disinfectants 65
Autoclave 22
Delay to decay 13
Source: The UP Manila Journal, 2002