HIV/AIDS

SUBMITTED BY :-
JASKOMALDEEP KAUR
M.SC 1ST YEAR
(MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING)
TERMS RELATED TO HIV/AIDS

WINDOW WASTING PNEUMOCYSTIS KAPOSI

PERIOD SYNDROME PNEUMONIA SARCOMA

ENCEPHLOPAT ULCERATIVE
PYOMYOSITIS
HY STOMATITIS
 HIV /AIDS
• IMMUNE SYSTEM
Immune system protects and defends the body from
infections. White blood cells are the most important part,
which fight and destroys bacteria, fungi, viruses that
enter the body
 DEFINITION OF HIV /AIDS

• H= HUMAN
• I = IMMUNODEFICIENCY
• V= VIRUS
 WHAT IS AIDS

• A= AQUIRED
• I= IMMUNE
• D= DEFICIENCY
• S= SYNDROME
 DEFINITION OF HIV AND AIDS

• HIV is a virus that attacks cells that helps

the body to fight infection, making a person
more vulnerable to other infections and disease.

• AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection

that occurs when the body immune system
is badly disturbed because of virus.
DIFFENCES BETWEEN HIV AND AIDS

HIV AIDS
o It stands for human o It stands for acquired
immunodeficiency virus. immunodeficiency
o It is a virus. syndrome.
o Virus invades the immunity o It is a condition
system. o It is later stage of infection
caused by HIV
 HOW HIV IS TRANSMITTED

UNPROTECTED SHARING OCCUPATIONA

SEX NEEDLES L EXPOSURE

INFECTED DURING
BLOOD PREGNANCY
 HOW HIV IS NOT TRANMITTED

 Kissing
 Hugging
 Swimming
 Sharing
 Cooking
 Insect bites
WHY ARE WOMEN AT HIGHER RISK FOR
INFECTION ?

• Large amount of mucosal surface rea in the vagina

• When they are young –because of an immature
genital contact.
• When they have STI.
 RISK FACTORS

• Transplant procedures
• Occupational
• Tattoo
• IDU( INJECTION DRUG USERS)
• Poverty
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factor
Invasion of virus
The distribution of HIV in human body
Parasites in different human cells , tissues
Dysfunction of human immune systems
Emergence of AIDS symptoms
Human mortalities
CLINICAL MENIFESTATIONS

CLINICA
CLINICAL L STAGE
STAGE 1 2

CLINICAL CLINICAL
STAGE 3 STAGE 4
CLINICAL STAGE 1

1) Asymptomatic

2)
lymphadenopathy
CLINICAL STAGE 2

Unexplained weight loss

Recurrent respiratory
tract infections
recurrent oral
ulceration
Dermatitis

Fungal nail infections

 CLINICAL STAGE 3

Bacterial
Unexplaine Pulmonary Ulcerative
Chronic Persistent Oral tuberculosi
infection Unexplaine
d severe (pyomyosit stomatitis
diarrhea fever candidiasis s d anemia
weight loss is)
 CLINICAL STAGE 4
• Wasting syndrome
• Pneumocystis pneumonia
• Extra pulmonary tuberculosis
• KAPOSI SARCOMA
• HIV encephalopathy
• Meningitis
• Cervical carcinoma
• Nephropathy and cardiomyopathy
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

HIV HIV
antibody antigen
test test
 HIV ANTIBODY TEST

1) ELISA TEST 2) WESTERN BLOT

 HIV ANTIGEN TEST

DNA
P24 ANTIGEN PCR(Polymerase
chain reaction)
 Other lab tests
Total
leukocyte IgG and T cell
and Ig A subset
lymphocyte
count level assays

Platelet Lymph
count node
biopsy
 COMPLICATIONS

• AIDS wasting syndrome

• HIV Associated neurocognitive disorder
• Cancer
• Opportunistic infections
 TREATMENT(pharmacological
management)
(HAART THERAPY)
The classes of anti viral drugs include;-
NON NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
Doravirine, Rilpivirine
NUCLEOSIDE AND NUCLETIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
Tenofovir, zidovudine
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Lopanavir
 CONTINUED..
• FUSION INHIBITORS
Enfuviride
INTEGRASE INHIBITOR
dolutegravir
 NON PHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
• Patient education
• Lifestyle modifications
• Take rest diet rich in proteins and vitamins
• Smoking cessation
• Alcohol cessation
• Regular exercise or yoga
 NURSING ASSESSMENT

• History collection
• Review patient present complications
• Assess patient knowledge about HIV
• Evaluate nutritional pattern
• Assess respiratory rate general health status
• Check for lesions, ask for bowel pattern
• Check orientation
 NURSING DIAGNOSIS

• Ineffective breathing pattern

• Pain
• Hyperthermia
• Risk of infection
• Imbalanced nutrition
• Diarrhea
• confusion
 CONTINUED..

• Fatigue
• Fear of infection progression
• Disturbed body image
• Hopelessness
PREVENTION

USE TREATMENT
AS PREVENTION

EDUCATION (SEX)

IMMIGRATION
REGULATION

USE CONDOM

USE OF CLEAN
NEEDLE
 WHAT NURSE CAN DO
1)Counsel on safe sex practices
2)Healthy life style practices
• Food nutrition
• Oral hygiene
• Personal hygiene
• Food hygiene
• Exercise
 CONTINUED…

3) Educate on HIV disease progression

4) Family planning options
5) Regular follow up
6) Explain the proper method of disposal of used condom ( male or
female).
7) Participate in awareness compaigns
• Brunner and suddarths textbook of medical and surgical nursing,
13th edition