NAME GUL MARIA

REGISTRATION NO BCH172008
SUBJECT PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
SUBMITTED TO Dr. KHALID HUSSAIN
TOPIC HAMILTONIAN OPERATOR
HAMILTONIAN OPERATOR:

A function that is used to describe a dynamic system

in terms of components of momentum and
coordinates of space and time that is equal to the
total energy of the system when time is not explictly
part of the function.
REPRESENTATION

 Hamiltonian operator is usually denoted by H

but also be represented as Ĥ to highlight its
function as an operator. So it can be
represented as
 Ĥ or H
EXPLANATION:

 In quantum mechanics a Hamiltonian is an

operator corresponding to the sum of kinetic
and potential energy for all the particles in the
system.
 This addition is the total energy of the system
in most of the cases under analysis.
 Hamiltonian operator used to solve the
schrodinger equation.
MATHEMATICALLY:
Ĥ =K+V
here
Ĥ is total energy of any system
K is kinetic energy of that system
V is total potential energy of the
system
 Ĥ = K +V
As
K = p2/2m
Put it in above equation it becomes :
Ĥ = p2/2m + V
As we know that momentum is equal to:
p2 = - ħ 2 d 2 / dx2
By putting its value in above equation it becomes :
Ĥ = - ħ2/2m.d2/dx2 + V
as we know that ђ has the value given below
ħ = h/2𝝅
Ĥ = - h2/4𝝅2.2m * d2/dx2 +V
Ĥ - h2/8𝝅2m * d2/dx2 +V
This is Hamiltonian operator with respect to x axis.
For all the three axis we can write this equation as
given below:
Ĥ = - h2/8𝝅2m *(d2/dx2+d2/dy2+d2/dz2)+ V
We can write:
d2/dx2+d2/dy2+d2/dz2 = 𝝯2
Final equation for hamiltoian operator becomes:
Ĥ = -h2/8𝝅2m.𝝯2 + V
 Ĥ= -

IMPORTANCE: 2
.

+V

It helps to solve schrodinger wave equation.

Hamiltonian operator is a physical function used in
analyzing the motion of particles in classical
mechanics when they are subjected to a variety of
potentials generated by different force field .
H = T +V
Where T represents kinetic energy in some cases and V
represents potential energy.