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ROM (Range of Motion)
- full movement / motion possible that occur between two bones.
- used to describe the amount of movement you have in each joint
- done to preserve flexibility and mobility of joints.
- reduce stiffness and will prevent or slow down the freezing of joints

CONTRAINDICATIONS:
• Any illness or disorder where increased in energy / circulation is hazardous

Example : myocardial infarction

swollen, inflamed joints
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS :

• Exercises are done once a day

• Do exercise 10 time , or move to the point of resistance and
hold for 30 seconds
• Begin exercise slowly, doing each exercise a few times only
and build up to more
• Try to achieve full range of motion (until slight stretch is felt)
• Move only to point of resistance (do not force movement)
• Keep limbs supported throughout motion
• Move slowly watching the client’s face for the response of
ROM
1. PASSIVE ROM (PROM)
Movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an
external force; there is little to no voluntary muscle contraction.

INDICATIONS:
Where there is acute, inflamed tissue.
Patient is not able to or not supposed to actively move a segment/s of the body.

TYPES OF ROM
GOALS:
Primary goal: To decrease the complications that would occur with
immobilization such as cartilage degeneration, adhesion and contracture formation
and sluggish circulation.

Specific goals:
Maintain joint and connective tissue mobility
Minimize the effects of the formation of contractures
Maintain mechanical elasticity of muscle
Assist circulation and vascular dynamics
Enhance synovial movement for cartilage nutrition and diffusion of materials in
the joint
Decrease or inhibit pain
Assist with the healing process after injury or surgery
Help maintain the patient’s awareness of movement.

TYPES OF ROM
2. ACTIVE ROM (AROM)
Movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced by active
contraction of the muscles crossing the joints.

INDICATIONS:
Patient is able to contract the muscles actively and move a segment with or with no
assistance.
Used for aerobic conditioning programs.

Specific goals:
Maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of the participating muscles.
Provide sensory feedback from the contracting muscles.
Provide a stimulus for bone and joint tissue integrity.
Develop coordination and motor skills for functional activities.

TYPES OF ROM
3. ACTIVE-ASSISTIVE ROM (AAROM)
Assistance is provided manually or mechanically by an outside force because the
prime mover muscles need assistance to complete the motion.

INDICATION: Patient has weak musculature and is unable to move a joint through a
desired range.
 

TYPES OF ROM
PRINCIPLES & PROCEDURE IN APPLYING ROM
Client Preparation:
 Communicate with the patient.
 Free the region from
restrictive clothing, linen,
splints and dressings.
 Position the patient in
comfortable manner with
proper body alignment and
stabilization.
 Position yourself so proper
body mechanics can be used
APPLICATION
TECHNIQUES:
 To control movement, grasp the
extremity around the joints itself.
 Support areas of poor structural
integrity.
 Move the segment through its
complete pain-free range to the
point of tissue resistance.
 Perform the motions smoothly
and rhythmically.
FLEXION - bending a joint so that two adjacent segments approach each other and the angle is
decreased

EXTENSION – straightening of the joint so that the two adjacent segment are moved apart and
joint angle is decreased

ROTATION – turning or moving of a part around its axis

SUPINATION – rotating the forearm so that the palm is up
PRONATION – rotating the fore arm so that the pal of the hand is down
DEVIATION – moving away from the starting position
ABDUCTION – motion ata ajoint so that a segment is moved laterally away from midline
ADDUCTION – motion at ajoint so that a segment is moved medially towards the midline
DORSIFLEXION – flexing or bending of the foot towards the leg so that the angle between
the dorsum of the foot and leg is decreased

PLANTARFLEXION - flexing or bending of the foot in the direction of the sole so that the
angle between the dorsum of the foot and leg is increased

GLOSSARY OF TERMS
UPPER EXTREMITIES
1. Shoulder flexion & extension
2. Shoulder abduction & adduction
3. Shoulder internal (medial) & external (lateral) rotation
4. Scapula elevation/ depression. Protraction/ retraction & upward/ downward
rotation.
5. Elbow flexion & extension
6. Forearm pronation & supination
7. Wrist flexion & extension; radial/ulnar deviation
8. Hand cupping & flattening the arch of the hand
9. Thumb & fingers flexion/ extension; abduction/adduction
LOWER EXTREMITIES
1. Combined hip & knee flexion & extension
2. Hip Extension (hyperextension)
3. Hip internal & external rotation
4. Ankle dorsiflexion
5. Ankle plantarflexion
CERVICAL SPINE
6. Flexion (forward bending)
7. Extension (backward bending)
8. Lateral flexion (side-bending)
LUMBAR SPINE
1. Flexion
2. Rotation