Agriculture on the Millennial Age:

Trends and Perspectives

Mr. Arvic Bengco

Mr. Kenneth Bernardino
 Topics
• Hybrid seeds and GMOs
• Agricultural Pesticides
• Fertilizer Management
• Mechanization/Post Harvest Management
 Hybrid Seeds (F1)
• Seeds produced from cross pollinating of two
different parent materials of plants.
Characteristics of Hybrid Seeds

1. true to type variety

2. high germination percentage
3. free from seed born diseases
4. better resistance to stress
5. uniformity in ripening / stand
6. Better yield.
7. Tolerant to drought.
8. Tolerant to pathogens.
9. Good eating quality.
 Open Pollinated Variety
• Produce from self pollination and or pollinated
by other plant.
• Pollination thru natural mechanisms.
 Genetically Modified Organisms
• Organisms that are Genetically modified to
express desirable traits.

GT/BT Corns (Glyphosate tolerant/Borer

Tolerant)
Commercialized in 1996 by Monsanto.
 FUTURE OF GMOs
• Resistant of target pest to BT/GT corns.
• Refuge Seeds.
• Commercialization of other GMO plants.
 Agricultural Chemical
Pest- anything or anyone that causes problems
for people especially by damaging crops.

Integrated Pest Management

1. Cultural
2. Mechanical
3. Biological
4. Chemical
 COMMONLY USED
PESTICIDES
• Molluscicides
• Herbicides
• Insecticides
• Fungicides
• Bactericides
• Nematicides
• Rodenticides
 Chemical labelling
Category 1- red label ( LD 50: 0-50 mg/kg)
DANGER/POISON

Category 2- yellow label (LD 50: 50-500 mg/Kg) WARNING

Category 3- Blue Label (LD 50: 500-5000 mg/kg) CAUTION

Category 4- Green label (LD 50: 5000 mg/kg)

CAUTION
 Agricultural Fertilization

Fertilizer- a substance ( organic or inorganic)

that is added to soil to help growth of plants.
 Why use fertilizer
Plants need certain nutrients in order to grow
which they take from soil . We use fertilizer to
put these nutrients back into the soil o that the
soil not become barren.

When we apply fertilizer , the plant gets all the

nutrients it needs to grow as big as possible.
 Fertilizer Grades

Traditional Grades Premium Grades

• 14-14-14 • 17-7-17
• 16-20-0 • 20-10-0
• 46-0-0 • 25-0-0
• 0-0-60
Agricultural mechanization is a
production technology.

Farming operations like sowing, harvesting, threshing,

leveling, watering, spraying, weeding etc.
Agricultural mechanization is a
production technology.

Farming operations like sowing, harvesting, threshing,

leveling, watering, spraying, weeding etc.
Rice Planters
Sprayer
Corn Planters
Corn harvester
Combine Harvester
Dryer
Milling
Thank you for listening