“THE EFFECT ON VISCOSITY AND

SURFACE TENSION WHEN ETHYL

ALCOHOL AND GLYCERINE WHEN
ADDED TO DISTILLED WATER”
OBJECTIVES:

• TO DETERMINE THE RELATION BETWEEN VISCOSITY AND

SURFACE TENSION.
• TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT ON VISCOSITY AND SURFACE
TENSION WHEN TWO SUBSTANCE COMBINE.
• TO MEASURE THE VISCOSITY AND SURFACE TENSION OF A
SAMPLE LIQUIDS.
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILO’S):

BY THE END OF THE EXPERIMENT, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE

ABLE TO:
• APPLY THE MASTERY OF FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE GAINED BY
THE STUDENT IN AN ACTUAL SITUATION.
• UNDERSTAND ALL PRINCIPLES GOVERNS UNDER FLUID MECHANICS
AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LIQUIDS.
• DESCRIBE THE BASIC FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF VISCOSITY AND
SURFACE TENSION
DISCUSSION: ABSTRACT

VISCOSITY IS THE PROPERTY OF A FLUID WHICH OPPOSES THE RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN TWO SURFACES OF
THE FLUID THAT ARE MOVING AT DIFFERENT VELOCITIES. IN SIMPLE TERMS, VISCOSITY MEANS FRICTION
BETWEEN THE MOLECULES OF FLUID.
• THE SURFACE TENSION OF THE SURFACE FILM OF A LIQUID CAUSED BY THE ATTRACTION OF THE PARTICLES IN
THE SURFACE LAYER BY THE BULK OF THE LIQUID, WHICH TENDS TO MINIMIZE SURFACE AREA. 
• RELATING SURFACE TENSION AND VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS NOT ONLY IS IMPORTANT CONCEPTUALLY BUT IT
CAN ALSO BE USED TO TEST THE VALIDITY OF SOME MEASURED DATA. AS SURFACE TENSION IS A STRONG
FUNCTION OF SURFACTANT, THEY NEGLECTED TO EMPHASIS THAT MIXED COMPONENTS MUST NOT BE
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS. VISCOSITY IS ONE OF THE
INTRODUCTION:

•  

•
ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS ARE NOT JUST NECESSARY BUT URGENTLY NECESSARY TO KEEP UP WITH THE PRESSING DEMANDS OF TODAY’S
NATURAL SCIENCE. ACCORDINGLY, THIS STUDY INTENDS TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITY OF CONTRIBUTING TO THAT MUCH NEEDED
INNOVATION BY DISCOVERING THE EFFECT ON VISCOSITY AND SURFACE TENSION OF DISTILLED WATER, ETHYL ALCOHOL, AND GLYCEROL
MIXED TOGETHER TO DETERMINE IF IT CAN BE USED AS MATERIAL IN BUILDING TEST-DRIVEN INFRASTRUCTURE, AMONG MANY OTHERS.
 
• ON ONE HAND, VISCOSITY IS THE PROPERTY OF A FLUID WHICH OPPOSES THE RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN TWO SURFACES OF THE FLUID THAT
ARE MOVING AT DIFFERENT VELOCITIES. IN SIMPLE TERMS, VISCOSITY MEANS FRICTION BETWEEN THE MOLECULES OF FLUID. WHEN THE
FLUID IS FORCED THROUGH A TUBE, THE PARTICLES WHICH COMPOSE THE FLUID GENERALLY MOVE MORE QUICKLY NEAR THE TUBE'S AXIS
AND MORE SLOWLY NEAR ITS WALLS, THEREFORE SOME STRESS, SUCH AS A PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO ENDS OF THE TUBE IS
NEEDED TO OVERCOME THE FRICTION BETWEEN PARTICLE LAYERS TO KEEP THE FLUID MOVING. FOR A GIVEN VELOCITY PATTERN, THE STRESS
REQUIRED IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE FLUID'S VISCOSITY. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE ELASTIC TENDENCY OF A FLUID MAKING IT ACQUIRE LESS
AREA OF SURFACE AS POSSIBLE IS CALLED SURFACE TENSION. IT ALLOWS CERTAIN THINGS DENSER THAN WATER TO FLOAT ON IT.

• GLYCEROL IS A SIMPLE POLYOL COMPOUND WHICH IS NON-TOXIC COLORLESS VISCOUS LIQUID. THIS IS EXPECTED TO BE THE MAIN
INGREDIENT TO ACHIEVE VISCOSITY AND SURFACE TENSION. VISCOSITY OF GLYCEROL RISES WITH INCREASING PRESSURE. GENERALLY
ELECTROLYTES DISSOLVED IN GLYCEROL INCREASE ITS VISCOSITY, BUT A FEW HAVE THE OPPOSITE EFFECT. MIXTURE OF GLYCEROL-ALCOHOL,
GLYCEROL-ALCOHOL-WATER, AND SUGAR SOLUTIONS IN GLYCEROL HAVE BEEN STUDIED WITH RESPECT TO VISCOSITY.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

IN THIS STUDY, THE MIXTURE OF DISTILLED WATER, GLYCEROL, AND ETHYL ALCOHOL WILL BE
TESTED FOR ITS VISCOSITY AND SURFACE TENSION CAPACITY. WILL THE WATER AND ETHYL ALCOHOL
CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASE ITS VISCOSITY? IS IT THEN POSSIBLE TO BE USED IN MATERIALS TO KEEP A
STABLE STRUCTURE WHILE YIELDING TO DEMANDS OF FLEXIBILITY?

THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS WOULD BE ANSWERED ACCORDING FROM THE DATA WE GATHERED IN
TWO LIQUIDS:
• WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF GLYCERIN WILL MIX INTO DISTILLED WATER?
• WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF ETHYL WILL MIX INTO WATER?
• WHAT IS THE COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO MIXTURES?
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
THIS STUDY WILL GIVE A LOW COST OF STRUCTURE IN AN ALLOWABLE STRENGTH OF LOADINGS:
•TO SELF, THIS STUDY MAY HELP THE CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENT/RESEARCHER TO PROMOTE AWARENESS AND GAIN KNOWLEDGE THAT
MIGHT BE USED IN CIVIL ENGINEERING PROFESSION ADVANCEMENT THROUGH UTILIZING NEW PRODUCTS TO BE ADOPTED AS ENGINEERING
MATERIALS. IN ADDITION, IT MAY ALSO BE A SOURCE OF INFORMATION THAT MAY DISCUSS TO A CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS.
•TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENT/S, THIS STUDY WILL ENHANCE THE STUDENTS AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING TOWARDS TO THE
COURSE FLUID MECHANICS WHICH IS PART OF THE BS CIVIL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM. IT MAY ALSO GIVE THEM A KNOWLEDGE ON HOW
ENHANCE AND DISCOVER FURTHERMORE STUDIES ABOUT FLUID MECHANICS.
•SOCIETY, IT WILL SERVE AS AN INFORMATIVE STUDY THAT WILL HELP IN CONTINUING SEARCH FOR NEW PRODUCTS IN ENGINEERING
MATERIALS AND EVENTUALLY IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
•TO CIVIL ENGINEER PROFESSIONAL/S, THIS STUDY MAY ABLE TO EXPAND THEIR KNOWLEDGE TOWARDS THE TOWARDS TO THE COURSE FLUID
MECHANICS AND ITS GOAL AND OBJECTIVES. THEY MAY ALSO GET KNOWLEDGE FROM THIS STUDY TO FURTHER PROVIDE NEW INFORMATION
AND BE KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT THIS RESEARCH
•TO THE FUTURE RESEARCHERS, THIS STUDY WILL GUIDE THE FUTURE RESEARCHERS TO HAVE AN ADDITIONAL REFERENCE FOR FUTURE
RESEARCH THAT ASPIRES TO IMPROVE THE SAME TOPIC IN THE FIELD.
 Conceptual Framework:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

TEST RESULT
ETHYL ALCOHOL TESTING AND EFFECT OF
LIQUID
GLYCERINE MIXING MIXTURES ON
VISCOSITY AND
DISTILLED TIMING SURFACE
TENSION
WATER

Scope and Delimitation

The scope of this experimental research is all about The effect on viscosity and surface tension when ethyl alcohol and
glycerine is added to fresh milk. The study will be done in a private institution in Quiapo, Manila Philippines on August 2018.

The researchers are motivated to undertake this study to promote enhancement for towards to the course fluid mechanics
and to study the the effect on viscosity and surface tension when ethyl alcohol and glycerine is added to distilled water; As
well as to have a realistic outcome in handling this research and being more knowledgeable to this field.
 METHODOLOGY
IN THIS CHAPTER THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN, MATERIALS AND METHODS, TREATMENT
OF DATA, AND THE DECISION CRITERIA WERE DISCUSSED. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE IS TO
PRESENT THE METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN
• TECHNICAL/EXPERIMENTAL
• THE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH IS CONCERNED PRIMARILY ON DETERMINING THE EFFECT ON
VISCOSITY AND SURFACE TENSION WHEN ETHYL ALCOHOL AND GLYCERINE IS ADDED ON
DISTILLED WATER. BOTH ALCOHOL AND GLYCERINE WILL BE ADDED ON DISTILLED WATER WE
WILL RECORD THE VARIATION IN VISCOSITY AND SURFACE TENSION.
• MATERIALS AND METHODS :
• THIS STUDY WOULD BE USING THE EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE. BOTH EXPERIMENT OF SET A
AND SET B SHOULD BE SET AT THE SAME TIME TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE OF SURFACE
TENSION. IN SET A, WE HAVE DISTILLED WATER WITH GLYCERINE WHILE IN SET B WE HAVE
DISTILLED WATER AND ETHYL ALCOHOL.
 MATERIALS IN DETERMINING THE SURFACE TENSION:

• GRADUATED CYLINDER(SCALE FOR MEASUREMENT)

• ETHYL ALCOHOL
• DISTILLED WATER
• GLYCERINE
• BEAKER
• STIRRING ROD
• THIN TUBE
• RULER
 MATERIALS IN DETERMINING THE VISCOSITY:

• GRADUATED CYLINDER(SCALE FOR MEASUREMENT)

• MARBLES(SAME SIZE AND WEIGHT)
• WEIGHING SCALE
• ETHYL ALCOHOL
• FRESH MILK
• GLYCERINE
• STOPWATCH
 MATERIAL SAMP LING :

Liquids Weight Time Velocity(ml/s)

Distilled Water g s  
Glycerine g s  
Ethyl Alcohol g s  
Distilled Water w/ Ethyl g s  
Alcohol (50% each)

Distilled Water w/ g s  
Glycerine (%50% each)
 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PROCESS
RESEARCH/DESI
GN PROPOSAL
ANALYZE DATA
AND RESULTS OF
EXPERIMENT REVISIONS OF
DESIGN
APPROVAL OF THE
STUDY
EXPERIMENT AND
TESTING OF
APPARATUS
PREPARATION OF
MATERIAL
 PROCEDURE FOR GETTING SURFACE TENSION :

1. PREPARE ALL MATERIALS NEEDED AND MAKE SURE EACH OF THEM HAVE LABEL.
2. POUR 50 ML DISTILLED WATER IN EACH BEAKER FOR SET A AND SET B.
3. IN SET A, MIX DISTILLED WATER WITH 15 ML GLYCERINE.
4. AND IN SET B, MIX DISTILLED WATER WITH 15 ML ETHYL ALCOHOL
5. FILL A CONTAINER WITH THE LIQUID OF UNKNOWN SURFACE TENSION
6. DO IT IN SET A AND SET B, JUST USE SEPARATE BEAKER FOR EACH LIQUID
7. PLACE A CLEAR, THIN TUBE INTO THE LIQUID.
TO MEASURE THE RADIUS, SIMPLY PLACE A RULER ACROSS THE TOP OF THE TUBE
AND DETERMINE THE DIAMETER. DIVIDE THE DIAMETER BY 2 AND YOU HAVE THE
RADIUS.
MEASURE THE HEIGHT THE LIQUID RISES ABOVE THE LIQUID IN THE CONTAINER.
PLACE THE BOTTOM OF A RULER DIRECTLY ABOVE THE LIQUID IN BEAKER AND
MEASURE HOW HIGH THE LIQUID HAS RISEN INTO THE TUBE.
 PROCEDURES IN MEASURING VISCOSITY:

• THE METHOD ON MEASURING THE VISCOSITY WILL BE DONE ON 2 SETS. THE

FIRST SET IS DETERMINING THE VISCOSITY OF WATER, GLYCERINE AND
ALCOHOL. THE OTHER SET IS DETERMINING THE VISCOSITY
• MEASURE THE WEIGHT GRADUATED CYLINDER (IN GRAMS)
• MEASURE THE WEIGHT OF EACH LIQUID (AT LEAST 30 ML)
• DROP THE MARBLE INSIDE THE CYLINDER WITH LIQUID
• MEASURE THE TIME THE MARBLE TAKES TO DISPLACE ITSELF UNTIL IT REACHES
THE BOTTOM
• RECORD ALL THE DATA AND RESULTS