Node JS Routing

Routing
Node JS
Express Routing
var express = require('express');
var app = express();
app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

res.send('This is the about page.');
});
app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

res.send('This is the login page.');
});
app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

res.status(404).send('Not found!');
});
app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('Listening on port 3000');
});
Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 2

Express Routing
varapp = express();

res.send('This is the about
page.');
});

res.send('This is the login
page.');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});

Express Routing
varapp = express();

page.');
});

page.');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});

Express Routing
varapp = express();

page.');
});

page.');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});

Express Routing
varapp = express();

page.');
});

page.');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});

Express Routing
varapp = express();

page.');
});

page.');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});

Express Routing
varapp = express();

page.');
});

page.');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});

Express Routing
varapp = express();

page.');
});

page.');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});

Express Routing
varapp = express();

page.');
});

page.');
});
app.use( /*default*/ (req, res)

=> {
app.listen(3000, () => {
res.status(404).send('Not
console.log('Listening
found!'); on port 3000');
});
});

Express Routing
varapp = express();

page.');
});

page.');
});
app.use( /*default*/ (req, res)

=> {
app.listen(3000, () => {
res.status(404).send('Not
console.log('Listening
found!'); on port 3000');
});
});

Express Routing
varapp = express();

page.');
});

page.');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});

Express Middleware
• A middleware is a function that is invoked in the
handling of an HTTP request
• It is used in the “middle” between receiving

a request and sending a response
• Multiple middlewares can be chained together

on the same request

Middleware: Serving Static Files
• The simplest middleware is express.static,
which serves static files that are locally stored
var express =
require('express'); varapp =
express();
app.use('/public', express.static('files'));

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});



});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

var express =
express();

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

var express =
express();

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

var express =
express();

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

var express =
express();

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

20

<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello!</h1>
<img src="images/kitty.jpg">

</body>
</html>
Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3

21
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello!</h1>
</body>
</html>

22
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello!</h1>
</body>
</html>

23
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello!</h1>
</body>
</html>

24
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello!</h1>
</body>
</html>

25
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello!</h1>
</body>
</html>

26
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello!</h1>
</body>
</html>

27

• We can use the response object to send
back specific HTML files as needed
var express =
express();

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

28

var express =
express();
app.use('/public',
express.static('files'));

app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});

29

var express =
express();

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

30

var express =
express();

res.status(404).sendFile( dirname +
'/404.html');
});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

31

var express =
express();

'/404.html');
});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

32

var express =
express();

'/404.html');
});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

33

var express =
express();

'/404.html');
});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});

Defining and Using Middleware
• Middleware functions can contain any amount
of JavaScript code with any functionality
• They take three parameters: req, res, and

next
• next() must be called at the end of the function

to invoke the next middleware or the final
response

35
var logger = (req, res, next) => {

var url = req.url;
var time = new Date();
console.log('Received request for
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
app.use(logger);

'/404.html');
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});
36

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
app.use(logger);

'/404.html');
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});
37

var url = req.url;
console.log('Received
request for ' + url +
' at '
+
time);
next();
};
app.use(logger);

app.listen(3000, () => {
'/404.html');
});
38

var url = req.url;
console.log('Received request for ' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
app.use(logger);

'/404.html');
});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
39

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
app.use(logger);

'/404.html');
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});
40

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
app.use(logger);

'/404.html');
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});
41

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
app.use(logger);

'/404.html');
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});
42

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
app.use(logger);

'/404.html');
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
});
43

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
app.use(logger);
app.use('/public',
express.static('files'));
app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) =>

{ res.status(404).sendFile( dirname +
app.listen(3000,
'/404.html'); () => {
});console.log('Listening on port 3000');
});
44

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
// app.use(logger);
app.use('/public', logger, express.static('files'));

res.status(404).sendFile( dirname + '/404.html');
});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
45

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
// app.use(logger);

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
46

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
// app.use(logger);

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
47

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
// app.use(logger);

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
48

var url = req.url;
' + url +
' at ' + time);
next();
};
// app.use(logger);

});
app.listen(3000, () => {
});
Middleware Chaining
• Middleware functions are called in the order
in which they are specified
• Each uses the same Request and

Response objects
• A middleware function can modify the Request so

that it can then be used by subsequent
middleware functions “downstream” in the route

var nameFinder = (req, res, next) => {
var name = req.query.name;
if (name) req.username = name.toUpperCase();
else req.username = 'Guest';
next();
}
var greeter = (req, res, next) =>

{ res.status(200).type('html');
res.write('Hello, ' + req.username);
next();
}
var adminName = (req, res, next) => {

req.username = 'Admin';
next();
}
app.use('/welcome', nameFinder,
greeter,
(req, res) =>
app.use('/admin', adminName, greeter,
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

req.username =
'Admin'; next();
}
app.use('/welcome',
nameFinder, greeter,
(req
app.use('/admin', adminName,
, greeter,
(req,
res res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); } )
(req,
; res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); }
(req,
); res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
next();
}

next();
}

next();
}
greeter,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); } )
(req,
; res) => { res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 127
Middleware, Routes, and Routers
• We may find that the same combinations of
middleware functions are being used in
multiple routes
• We can combine middleware functions into

“sub- routes” using Routers and then use those
in our routes

var nameFinder = (req, res, next) => { . . . }
var greeter = (req, res, next) => { . . . }
var adminName = (req, res, next) => { . . . }
var logger = (req, res, next) => { . . . }
var header = (req, res, next) => { . . . }
var footer = (req, res, next) => { . . . }
app.use('/welcome', logger, nameFinder, header,

greeter, footer, (req, res) => { res.end(); } );
app.use('/admin', logger, adminName, header,

SD4x-4.3 155


SD4x-4.3 156


SD4x-4.3 157


SD4x-4.3 158


SD4x-4.3 159


SD4x-4.3 160


SD4x-4.3 161


SD4x-4.3 162


SD4x-4.3 163


SD4x-4.3 164


SD4x-4.3 165


SD4x-4.3 166


SD4x-4.3 167


SD4x-4.3 168


SD4x-4.3 169


SD4x-4.3 170


SD4x-4.3 171


SD4x-4.3 172
var commonRoute = express.Router();

commonRoute.use(header, greeter, footer);


SD4x-4.3 173



SD4x-4.3 174



SD4x-4.3 175



SD4x-4.3 176



SD4x-4.3 177



SD4x-4.3 178

app.use('/welcome', logger, nameFinder,

commonRoute,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 179


commonRoute,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 180


commonRoute,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 181


commonRoute,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); } );
SD4x-4.3 182


commonRoute,
(req, res) =>
{ res.end(); } );
app.use('/admin', logger, adminName,

commonRoute, SD4x-4.3 183
Summary
• Routing allows us to specify different
functionality for different HTTP requests
• Routing uses middleware functions, each of
which handles a different part of the functionality
• Middleware functions can be chained together
and can pass values to each other by modifying
the Request object
• Routers allow us to combine middleware
functions into common “sub-routes”

Node JS Routing

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Routing

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 2

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 3

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 4

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 5

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 6

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 7

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 8

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 9

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res)

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 10

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res)

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 11

app.use('/about', (req, res) => {

app.use('/login', (req, res) => {

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 12

• It is used in the “middle” between receiving

• Multiple middlewares can be chained together

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 13

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 14

var express = require('express');

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 15

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 16

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 17

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 18

app.use( /*default*/ (req, res) => {

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3 19

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3

Property of Penn Engineering, Chris Murphy SD4x-4.3

app.use( /default/ (req, res) => {

app.use( /default/ (req, res) => {

app.use( /default/ (req, res) => {

app.use( /default/ (req, res) => {

app.use( /default/ (req, res) => {

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app.use( /default/ (req, res) => {

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app.use( /default/ (req, res)

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