Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pure Competition in The Long Run: Mcgraw-Hill/Irwin
Pure Competition in The Long Run: Mcgraw-Hill/Irwin
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Long Run in Pure Competition
LO1 11-2
Profit Maximization in the Long Run
• Easy entry and exit
• The only long-run adjustment we
consider
• Identical costs
• All firms in the industry have identical
costs
• Constant-cost industry
• Entry and exit do not affect resource
prices
LO2 11-3
Long-Run Equilibrium
• Entry eliminates profits
• Firms enter
• Supply increases
• Price falls
• Exit eliminates losses
• Firms exit
• Supply decreases
• Price rises
LO3 11-4
Entry Eliminates Economic Profits
S1
MC
ATC S2
$60 $60
50 50
MR
D2
40 40
D1
LO3 11-5
Exit Eliminates Losses
S3
MC
ATC S1
$60 $60
50 50
MR
D1
40 40
D3
LO3 11-6
Long Run Supply
• Constant cost industry
• Entry/exit does not affect LR ATC
• Constant resource price
• Special case
• Increasing cost industry
• Most industries
• LR ATC increases with expansion
• Specialized resources
• Decreasing cost industry
LO4 11-7
LR Supply: Constant-Cost Industry
$50 S
Z3 Z1 Z2
D3 D1 D2
Q3 Q1 Q2
90,000 100,000 110,000
LO4 11-8
LR Supply: Increasing-Cost Industry
S
P2 $55
Y2
P1 $50
Y1
P3 $40
Y3
D2
D1
D3
Q3 Q1 Q2
90,000 100,000 110,000
LO4 11-9
LR Supply: Decreasing-Cost Industry
X3
P3 $55
P1 $50 X1
P2 $40 X2
S
D3 D2
D1
Q3 Q1 Q2
90,000 100,000 110,000
LO4 11-10
Pure Competition and Efficiency
LO5 11-11
Pure Competition and Efficiency
P=MC=Minimum
ATC (Normal Profit) MC Consumer S
Surplus
ATC
P MR P Producer
Surplus
D
Qf Qe
LO5 11-12
Dynamic Adjustments
LO6 11-13
Technological Advance: Competition
LO6 11-14
Creative Destruction
LO6 11-15
Efficiency Gains from Entry
11-16
Efficiency Gains from Entry
a
S
P1 b c
d
P2 f
Q1 Q2
11-17