Introduction to

Nutrition Science
Nutrients
Definition – Any substance in food that
the body can use to obtain energy,
synthesize tissues or regulate functions

Function:
1. Energy source
2. Structure – bones, muscles & all cells
3. Regulate bodily processes – BP, energy production,
temperature regulation
 Carbohydrates

Protein Supply
Energy

Lipids

Contribute To Cell
and Body Structure
Vitamins

Regulate Body
Minerals Processes

Water
Nutrients
Essential Nutrients
 Must be obtained in the diet
 The body cannot make or cannot make adequate
amount
Classes of Nutrient
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids/fats
3. Protein
4. Vitamins
5. Mineral
6. Water
 Carbohydrates

Protein Lipids

6 Classes
of
Nutrients
Minerals Water

Vitamins
 Nutrients
Classes of nutrients can also be divided as
1. Organic
 Contains carbon in the structure
 Carbs, fats, protein & vitamins
2. Inorganic
 Does not contain carbon
 Mineral, water
Nutrients
Nutrient can be divided into:
1. Macronutrient
 Needed in large amount
 Carbs, fats & protein
2. Micronutrient
 Needed in smaller amount
 Vitamins. mineral
Nutrients & Energy
Energy
 The capacity to do work.
 Energy in food is chemical energy, which the body
converts to mechanical, electrical or heat energy.
 Carbs, fats, protein – source of energy
Kilocalories (kcal)
 A unit used to measure energy
 Food energy is measured in kilocalories
(1000 calories = 1 kilocalories)
Nutrients & Energy
Calculation Energy Available from
Foods
Carb = 4kcal/g
Fat = 9kcal/g
Protein = 4kcal/g
Alcohol = 7kcal/g

E.g., Calculate kcal for 275g carbs, 75g protein &

67g fat
Answer - 275g carbs x 4kcal/g = 1100kcal
75g protein x 4kcal/g = 300kcal
67g fat x 9kcal/g = 600kcal
TOTAL= 2000kcal
Nutrients & Energy
Calculating the % of Kcal from nutrients

E.g., 275g carbs x 4 = 1100kcal

1100kcal ÷ 2000kcal
x 100 = 55% carbs kcal

75g protein x 4 = 300kcal

300kcal ÷ 2000kcal
x 100 = 15% protein kcal

67g fat x 9 = 600kcal

600kcal ÷ 2000kcal
x 100 = 30% fat kcal
Calculating the Energy Available from Food

e.g., How much energy is produced in a diet

containing 850g of carbohydrate, 90g of fat, 140g
of protein and 35g of alcohol?

850g carbohydrates x 4 = 3400 kcal

140g protein x 4 = 560 kcal
90g fat x 9 = 360 kcal
35g alcohol x 7 = 245 kcal
Total kcal = 4656 kcal
Calculating the Energy Available from Food
 E.g., A Arsenal soccer player aged 24 years old has a
bodyweight of 75kg and energy intake of 3800 kcal/day.
How many grams of carbohydrate has he taken if his
carbohydrate intake is 55% of his daily caloric intake?

1g of carbs = 4kcal
Carbs intake = 3800 x 0.55
= 2090

2090kcal carbs ÷ 4g/kcal = 522.5g

The End of Chapter One

Any Question???
 EXERCISE 1
1. Calculate the energy produced in a diet containing
300g of carbohydrates, 200g of lipids, 100g of
protein and 50g of alcohol.

2. Calculate the % of kcal from nutrients above.

3. A male athlete aged 20 years old has a bodyweight

of 60 kg and energy intake 3000 kcal/day. How
many grams of carbohydrate has he taken if his
carbohydrate intake is 60 % of his daily caloric
intake?
FORMULA QUESTION 1
 To calculate the energy available from food,
multiply (x) the number of grams of
carbohydrate, protein, lipid and alcohol by 4, 9, 7
and 4 respectively. Then add the results.

Carbohydrate = 4 kcal/g
Protein = 4 kcal/g
Lipid = 9 kcal/g
Alcohol = 7 kcal/g

e.g: ???g x ???kcal/g = ???kcal

1. Calculate the energy produced in a diet containing
300g of carbohydrates, 200g of lipids, 100g of
protein and 50g of alcohol.

300g carbohydrates x 4 kcal/g = 1200 kcal

200g lipids x 9 kcal/g = 1800 kcal
100g protein x 4 kcal/g = 400 kcal
50g alcohol x 7 kcal/g = 350 kcal

TOTAL = 3750 kcal

FORMULA QUESTION 2
 To calculate the percentage (%) of calories
each of these components, divide (÷) the
individual results by the total and then
multiply (x) by 100.
2. Calculate the % of kcal from nutrients above.

300g carbs x 4 kcal/g = 1200 kcal

1200 kcal ÷ 3750 kcal x 100 = 32 % carbs kcal

200g lipids x 9 kcal/g = 1800 kcal

1800 kcal ÷ 3750 kcal x 100 = 48 % lipids kcal

100g protein x 4 kcal/g = 400 kcal

400 kcal ÷ 3750 kcal = 11 % protein kcal

50g alcohol x 7 kcal/g = 350 kcal

350 kcal ÷ 3750 kcal = 9 % alcohol kcal
3. A male athlete aged 20 years old has a bodyweight
of 60 kg and energy intake 3000 kcal/day. How
many grams of carbohydrate has he taken if his
carbohydrate intake is 60 % of his daily caloric
intake?

1g carbs = 4 kcal
Carbs intake = 3000 x 0.60
= 1800 kcal carbs

1800 kcal carbs ÷ 4g/kcal = 450g