Prepare your scantron:

• Fill in your name and fill the bubbles under

Use
your name. a pencil,
• LAST NAME FIRST, First name second not a pen!
• Put your 4-digit code instead of
“IDENTIFICATION NUMBER”.
--- (The last 4 digits of your OleMiss ID.)

Question # 1: answer A
Setup:
Question # 2: answer C
Question # 3: answer E

Recall reading assignment:

Chapter 15 (Stars), pp. 486-510

Please take a moment to mute your cell phone!

Review questions
coming …
This
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What two things are related
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in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram (HRD)?

A The mass and the luminosity of stars.

B The size and the absolute brightness of stars.
C The apparent brightness and the spectral type of the
star.
D The color and the absolute brightness of stars.
E The size and the apparent brightness of a stars.
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What does Wien’s law say, in words?
sec
A That stars radiate because they are hot.
B That the color of the stars is related to the
temperature of the star.
C That there are seven spectral types of stars.
D That hotter stars are brighter.
E That a red star is brighter than a blue star.
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Question dropped because of a misprint.

How do we determine how large a star is?

sec
A 1. We measure how large the star looks in the telescope, then
2. we calculate its size using its distance to the star from parallax.
B 1. We observe its absolute brightness and color directly in the sky,
2. we then use Stephan-Boltzman’s law to determine its surface
area.
C We don’t know it at all.
D We know the size of stars only from spaceships that went
there and returned.
E We (i) determine the orbit of its planet(s) and (ii) use Kepler’s III
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What does Stefan-Boltzman law say, in words?
sec
A That the color of the stars is related to the
temperature of the star.
B That stars come in different colors.
C That there are seven spectral types of stars.
D That hotter stars are brighter.
E That a red star is brighter than a blue star.
 Clusters are useful for studying stars: same distance, same age
Prepare HRD of all stars in a cluster:
Find: Cluster HRD
• Many stars on the main sequence
• Above a “turnoff”, stars are
to the right of the main sequence

Meaning:
something happened to these
(these stars are the brightest
in the cluster)
Pleiades
Jump ahead:
they have used up
all their hydrogen

Place of turnoff indicates age:  Centauri

• Pleiades is young
• Cen is old
Questions coming …
 Question 8
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What is a star cluster is made of? sec
A Galaxies.
B It is a cloud of gas.
C Many stars.

Next question coming …

 Question 9
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What can you read off the Hertzsprung-Russel
diagram (HRD) of a star cluster? sec
A How bright it is.
B How old it is.
C How large it is.
D How far it is.
E How dense it is.

Next question coming …

 Question 10
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sec
Which one contains more stars, an open cluster or
a globular cluster?

A An open cluster.
B A globular cluster.
C The same.
D Neither, because both are gas clouds.
What is
where
in the
HRD?
The significance of stellar mass
Mass tells:
• rate of evolution Stellar masses
• location on main sequence
• whether star blows up as supernova

The heaviest star: 80 M

Short life very bright blue, hot dies as a

(10 million yrs) (-10 mg) (O5) supernova

The lightest star: 0.1 M

Long life very faint red, lukewarm dies as a

(100 billion yrs) (+15 mg) (M5) white dwarf

Questions coming …
 Question 11
What determines the length of life of a star?
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A All stars live the same length of time. sec
B The temperature in its center.
C Its chemical composition.
D Its mass.
E Its magnetic field.

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 Question 12
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A hot, blue star on the main sequence is …
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A heavy
B faint
C far away
D burning helium
E has no fuel left to burn

Next question coming …