Report on Introduction To soil

mechanics

Prepared by SHIVANI SAJWAN

DESCRIPTION OF SOIL :
 Soil generally consists of three phases i.e.; solid ,liquid,
air.
 3 phase system or partially saturated of soil consists of
three phases.
 2 phase system (dry or saturated)consists solid, liquid
or air .
INDEX PROPERTIES OF SOIL:
 Grain size distribution.
 Atterberg limit.
a)Shrinkage limit.
b)Plastic limit.
c) Liquid limit.
 Density.
 Specific gravity.
SOIL PROPERTY
Water content.
Porosity.
Degree of saturation.
Unit weight.
A. Methods of finding water content
i. Oven drying method
ii. Rapid moisture meter method
SOIL COMPACTION
 Instantaneous phenomenon.
 Soil is always saturated.
 Densification is due to reduction in volume of air from soil.
 Specified compaction techniques are used in this process.
 Different from consolidation.
Factors affecting compaction
 Water content
 Type of soil
 Compactive effort
 Method of compaction.

Compaction is used in constructing highways,

embankment, dams and other engineering structure to
improve soil’s strength
Benefits of compacted soil
 To increase strength and stability.
 To decrease permeability.
 To enhance resistance to erosion
 Decrease compressibility under load and minimize settlement.
Permeability of soil
A measure of how easily the fluid can pass through a
porous medium.
Factors AFFECTING PERMEABILITY
Void ratio of soil
Shape of soil
Structure of soil mass
Degree of saturation
Absorbed water
Impurities in water
Particle size
Importance of permeability
Some applications illustrate the importance of permeability in soil mechanics

It influences the rate of settlement of soil under load.

Designs of earth dams are based on the permeability
of soil
Stability of structures can be affected by permeability
End of presentation
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