GOOD

DAY!
Correlation
 Correlation

• Correlation is a statistical measure

that indicates the extent to which two
or more variables fluctuate together.
Correlation is POSITIVE when the values
increase together.

Correlation is NEGATIVE when one value

decreases as the other increases.
 Linear
Regression
 Linear Regression

• Linear regression is used for finding

linear relationship between target
(outcome) and one or more predictors.
For example……
Age
Predictor Outcome
Variables
Gender Height Variable
Diet
Variable
Variable Y
Regression
X one changes by a certain
When
of
amount, the other changes on an
average
Independent
by a y on
certain x
amount
Dependent
Variable Variable
 Simple Linear Multiple Linear
Regression Regression
• One quantitative • One quantitative
dependent variable dependent variable

• One quantitative • Many quantitative

independent independent
variable variable
SIMPLE LINEAR
REGRESSION
 Simple Linear
Regression

•the relationship is
approximated using a
straight line
 yˆ  a  bx
a  y-intercept
  y    x     x    xy 
2


Regression n   x     x
2 2

line b  slope
n   xy     x    y 

  x     x
2 2
n
When the two sets of observations increase or decrease
together, the line slopes upwards from left to right

POSITIVE
RELATIONSHIP
When one set decreases as the other increases, the line
slopes downwards from left to right

NEGATIVE
RELATIONSHIP
NO RELATIONSHIP
 Pearson Product
Moment Correlation
Coefficient
(Pearson - r)
Pearson Product Moment Correlation
Pearson - r
Pearson correlation is widely used in statistics to
measure the degree of the relationship between
linear related variables.
n   xy     x    y 
r
n      n
    y     y  
2 2

 x2
 x 2

 𝛼=0.05
 

p – value = reject the null

 

hypothesis (significant)
 

p – value = do not reject the null

hypothesis (not significant)