Indoor Air Quality

& HVAC Systems

ME116P
INDUSTRIAL PLANT
ENGINEERING

WEEK 2
2019-2020/2T

Prepared by:
Engr. Manuel B. Rustria
December 10, 2020
 Objectives
 Differentiate air conditioning from air ventilation; and
 Enumerate indoor air quality requirements of different
manufacturing environment.
Air Conditioning and
Ventilation
Air Conditioning and Ventilation
Air ventilation – the movement of air in a circle.
 The system takes the air that is in the
building, without making any changes to
it (if the air is warm, the system does
not cool it down), mixes fresh air
from outside (warms it, if
outside temperature is lower
than interior), and circulates the
mixed, fresh air back into the building.
 The air ventilation systems are often used in the industry, to
remove the harmful elements or unwanted smell.
Air Conditioning and Ventilation
Air conditioning – the circulation and cooling of air.
 Air conditioning system is made of ventilation and
warming/cooling mechanism, which takes the air from the
interior, cools or warms it and brings it back to the building.
 The air conditioning systems are often installed in offices and
similar objects, where fresh air of appropriate temperature is
needed.
 Nowadays, air conditioning system is almost
necessary part of any trading in industrial
object, to ensure the comfort of
workers as well as customers.
Indoor Air Quality
Requirements
Indoor Air Quality
 Indoor Air Quality
 Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term which refers to the air quality
within and around buildings and structures, especially as it
relates to the health and comfort of building occupants.
 IAQ can be affected by gases (including carbon monoxide, radon,
volatile organic compounds), particulates, microbial
contaminants (mould, bacteria) or any mass of energy stressor
that can induce adverse health conditions.
Indoor Air Quality
Indoor Air Quality
Indoor Air Quality
Indoor Air Quality
 Indoor Air Quality
ASHRAE Standard 62
 Indoor Air Quality
ASHRAE Standard 62
 Indoor Air Quality
Fundamentals of Good Indoor Air Quality
According to ASHRAE
 Acceptable indoor air quality is typically not achieved by
addressing one specific building product, system or procedure.
Rather, it is the result of the following fundamental elements.
1. Contaminant source control
2. Proper ventilation
3. Humidity management
4. Adequate filtration
 Indoor Air Quality
Fundamentals of Good Indoor Air Quality
According to ASHRAE
 Careful attention to each of these fundamentals during the
design and construction of the building and HVAC system,
followed by proper maintenance throughout the life of the
building can significantly reduce the risk of indoor air quality
related problems.
 Indoor Air Quality
1. Contaminant source control
 Indoor air contaminants
 Indoor Air Quality
1. Contaminant source control
 What can be done to reduce the potential for microbial
growth inside buildings?
 Indoor Air Quality
i. Sloped non corrosive drain pans
 Indoor Air Quality
i. Sloped non corrosive drain pans
 Indoor Air Quality
ii. Cleanability
 Indoor Air Quality
Minimum Maintenance Activity and Frequency ASHRAE (Standard 65-2001)
 Indoor Air Quality
Minimum Maintenance Activity and Frequency ASHRAE (Standard 65-2001)
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iii. Accessibility
 Indoor Air Quality
iii. Accessibility
Indoor Air Quality
Indoor Air Quality
Outdoor Air Contaminants
Indoor Air Quality
Outdoor Air Contaminants
 Indoor Air Quality
2. Proper Ventilation
 Indoor Air Quality
Outdoor Air Requirements for Different Spaces
 Indoor Air Quality
Outdoor Air Requirements for Different Spaces
 Indoor Air Quality
2. Proper Ventilation
 Indoor Air Quality
2. Proper Ventilation
 Indoor Air Quality
2. Proper Ventilation
 Indoor Air Quality
2. Proper Ventilation
 Indoor Air Quality
3. Humidity Control
 Indoor Air Quality
3. Humidity Control
 Indoor Air Quality
3. Humidity Control
 Indoor Air Quality
3. Humidity Control
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4. Filtration
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4. Filtration
 Indoor Air Quality
Common Particle Contaminants and Their Characteristics
 Indoor Air Quality
4. Filtration
Indoor Air Quality
What is a VOC?
Indoor Air Quality
Common VOC Pollutants
Indoor Air Quality
Common VOC Pollutants
Indoor Air Quality
Common VOC Pollutants
Indoor Air Quality
Back to Gaseous Filtration
Indoor Air Quality
Fresh Air Requirements
 Indoor Air Quality
The Percentage of Outside Air Can Be Calculated Using These
Three Simple Temperature Measurement
 Indoor Air Quality
The Percentage of Outside Air Can Be Calculated Using These
Three Simple Temperature Measurement

Fresh
FreshAir
Air%%==((MAT
((MAT––RAT)
RAT)//(OAT
(OAT––RAT))
RAT))××100
100
Indoor Air Quality
Indoor Air Quality
 Indoor Air Quality
Building Use and Require Fresh Air (in cfm) Per Person
 Indoor Air Quality
INDOOR AIR QUALITY FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
 According to a recent American Industrial Hygiene Association
membership survey – the world’s largest association of its kind,
representing nearly 12,500 occupational and environmental health and
safety professionals — indoor air quality (IAQ) is the most serious issue
facing today’s American worker.
 Considering that IAQ is a constantly changing interaction of biological,
chemical, and physical factors, it comes as no surprise that in numerous
documented cases over the last several years, “sick building syndrome”
has been cited as the primary culprit in the shutting down of workplaces
for extensive cleanings and renovations, resulting in production and labor-
hour losses well into the tens-of-millions of dollars.
 Indoor Air Quality
INDOOR AIR QUALITY FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
 Historically, “sick building syndrome” can be traced back to the rise in
heating-oil costs during the 1960s-70s energy crises, and the subsequent
boom in construction of “airtight” buildings to keep money from escaping
up the chimney.
 Conventional outdoor air infiltration — through open doors, windows,
ventilation and air conditioning systems — which had so effectively diluted
“normal” indoor contaminants to heretofore safe levels, was suddenly
reduced or eliminated by the “airtight” boom.
 Indoor Air Quality
INDOOR AIR QUALITY FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
 Assessing Building Air Quality
 IAQ, or the indoor environment of any building, is the result of a
combination of numerous catalysts, including the site, climate, building
system (original design, later modifications, and mechanical systems),
construction techniques, outdoor air quality, contaminant sources and
their strengths (building materials, furnishings, moisture, processes and
activities within, and outdoor sources), building occupants, and the
design, operation, and maintenance of heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems.
 Indoor Air Quality
INDOOR AIR QUALITY FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
 Assessing Building Air Quality
 The sources of indoor air contaminants are numerous:
• Contaminated outdoor air • Housekeeping activities
• Non-HVAC equipment • Maintenance activates
• Special use areas • Unsanitary conditions
• Mixed use buildings • Dust/fiber
• Redecorating or remodeling production/collection
• Soil gas • Water damage
• Nearby source emissions • Chemicals released from
• HVAC system building
• Moisture/standing water • Accidental events
• Occupant activities • Repair activities
 Indoor Air Quality
INDOOR AIR QUALITY FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
 Properly assessing and ensuring optimum IAQ is a complex, though not
confounding, process.
 It is necessary to develop an IAQ Profile — a description of the features
of the building’s structure, function, and occupancy that impact air
quality — to serve as an owner’s manual or reference specific to the
building.
 Indoor Air Quality
INDOOR AIR QUALITY FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
 By collecting and reviewing existing records, conducting a walkthrough
inspection of the building, and by compiling detailed data on the HVAC
system, pollutant pathways, pollutant sources, and building occupancy,
the four Key IAQ Profile Questions will be answered:
• How was the building originally intended to function?
• Is the building functioning as designed?
• What changes in layout and use have occurred since original design and
construction?
• What changes may be needed to prevent future IAQ problems from developing?
 Indoor Air Quality
INDOOR AIR QUALITY FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
 By collecting and reviewing existing records, conducting a walkthrough
inspection of the building, and by compiling detailed data on the HVAC
system, pollutant pathways, pollutant sources, and building occupancy,
the four Key IAQ Profile Questions will be answered:
• How was the building originally intended to function?
• Is the building functioning as designed?
• What changes in layout and use have occurred since original design and
construction?
• What changes may be needed to prevent future IAQ problems from developing?
 Indoor Air Quality
INDOOR AIR QUALITY FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
 The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) stands out as an industry leader, by evaluating
the impact of its member-activities on the environment. ASHRAE’s
Ventilation Standard 62-1999 defines

“… ventilation requirements for spaces intended for human

occupancy and specifies minimum and recommended ventilation
air quantities for the preservation of the occupants’ health, safety,
and well-being.”
 References
https://www.eesolutions.net/indoor-air-quality-f
or-commercial-and-industrial-facilities/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_(archit
ecture)
ASHRAE STANDARD 62-2001 on Indoor Air
Quality

End