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EDIBLE OIL
(PALM OIL)
CHAPTER 3
OBJECTIVES
• Hydrolytic
– Moisture, dirt, free fatty acids,partial
glycerides and enzymes
• Oxidative
– Metals, oxidation products, pigment,
tocopherols , and phospatides
IMPURITIES IN CRUDE PALM OIL
• Catalyst poison
– Compounds containing nitrogen, sulphur &
halogens
• Hydrocarbons
– Terpenes, resdin, waxes ad unsaturated
compounds
REFINING PROCESS
Vacuum
Bleaching Vacuum
Bleacher Level
Motorised Mixer
Static MIxer
BPO
Pre-
Buffer Stripper
Tank
FA
PHE Condenser
To Slope
Tank
PHE
PHE
Silo BPO
Trap FA
PHE Niagara Filter Filter Condenser
PHE
PHE RBDPO
Slurry Tank Trap
Filter
RBDPO RBDPO
Outlet
CPO
Inlet
REFINING PROCESS
Acid Refining or
Physical refining process flow Degumming (Water Acid,
diagram Enzymatic or Another
Process
Dry Degumming or
Dry Degumming Bleaching
Dewaxing,
fractionation
Hydrogenation
Steam Distillation
• Consists of 4 stages:
– Degumming
– Neutralization
– Bleaching
– Deodorization
CHEMICAL REFINING
STEP 1: DEGUMMING
Colour of oil