Importance of Advanced Analysis

Presented by
Jayesh Darshane
CONTENTS 2

• Purpose and Introduction

• Types of Non-Linearity
• P-Delta Analysis
• Buckling Analysis
• Time History Analysis
• Eigen Value Analysis
• Response Spectrum Analysis
• Heat of Hydration
• Conclusion
PURPOSE 3
• To understand importance of Advanced Analysis

Why advanced analysis is important?

To Analyze Structures subjected to

1. Lateral loads
2. Vibration loads
3. Additional forces due to P-Delta effect
4. Non-linear behavior of steel and concrete
5. Non-Uniform thermal expansion
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CONTENTS

• Purpose and Introduction

• Types of Non-Linearity
• P-Delta Analysis
• Buckling Analysis
• Time History Analysis
• Eigen Value Analysis
• Response Spectrum Analysis
• Heat of Hydration
• Conclusion
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For excess stress and large
deformation
Large Displacement and
Change in geometric shape
Non Linear Analysis

Geometric

Material Boundary
Newton-Raphson Arc-Length Displacement Control

Large loads- high Stresses

Non Linear Stress-Strain
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Geometric Non Linear Analysis
Structure undergoes large displacements

Change in geometric shape renders non –linear displacement strain relationship

Cable structures such as suspension bridges are analyzed for geometric nonlinearity
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CONTENTS

• Purpose and Introduction

• Types of Non-Linearity
• P-Delta Analysis
• Buckling Analysis
• Time History Analysis
• Eigen Value Analysis
• Response Spectrum Analysis
• Heat of Hydration
• Conclusion
 P- Delta Analysis 8
• P –Delta effect prevalent in Tall structures( Gravity) where high axial forces act on

laterally displaced structures caused by high lateral forces

• Performed to account for non- linearity

• Axial and Transverse loads acting simultaneously- secondary structural behavior

Iterative process – Geometric stiffness matrix

is modified repeatedly for analysis until
convergence criteria are met
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Top Storey Normal P -Delta

Deformation 0.010m 0.044 m
Deformation 0.095 0.105m
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CONTENTS

• Purpose and Introduction

• Types of Non-Linearity
• P-Delta Analysis
• Buckling Analysis
• Time History Analysis
• Eigen Value Analysis
• Response Spectrum Analysis
• Heat of Hydration
• Conclusion
Buckling Analysis 11
Need – To Determine Critical Load Factors and
corresponding Buckling Shape

A critical load is obtained by multiplying the initial

load by the critical load factor.

Structure buckles in the shape of the buckling mode

when the critical load exerts on the structure
Mode 1
12

Mode 2
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CONTENTS

• Purpose and Introduction

• Types of Non-Linearity
• P-Delta Analysis
• Buckling Analysis
• Time History Analysis
• Eigen Value Analysis
• Response Spectrum Analysis
• Heat of Hydration
• Conclusion
Time History Analysis 14
Need - Structure subjected to dynamic loads

Modal Superposition Method for time history analysis

Ramp function-Dead Load applied as time varying

static load function

Solution for the dynamic equilibrium equation when a

structure is subjected to dynamic loads.
Types of Time History Analysis:
Boundary Nonlinear Time History Analysis. 15
Analyze structures with nonlinear support conditions such as base isolators, viscous dampers in a seismic event.

Inelastic Time History Analysis.

Inelastic time history analysis is dynamic analysis, which considers material nonlinearity of a structure
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CONTENTS

• Purpose and Introduction

• Types of Non-Linearity
• P-Delta Analysis
• Buckling Analysis
• Time History Analysis
• Eigen Value Analysis
• Response Spectrum Analysis
• Heat of Hydration
• Conclusion
 Eigen Value Analysis
18
Eigenvalue analysis is also referred to as “free vibration analysis”- analyze the dynamic characteristics of structures
Dynamic characteristics
• Mode Shapes
• Frequencies
• Modal Participation Factor

Eigen Value Analysis

Subspace
Iteration Lanczos Ritz Vectors
 1st Mode 3rd Mode 5th Mode
19

Frequency= 19.4381 Hz Frequency= 174.9371 Hz Frequency= 485.8056 Hz

2nd Mode 4th Mode 6th Mode

Frequency= 77.752 Hz Frequency= 310.973Hz Frequency= 699.302Hz

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CONTENTS

• Purpose and Introduction

• Types of Non-Linearity
• P-Delta Analysis
• Buckling Analysis
• Time History Analysis
• Eigen Value Analysis
• Response Spectrum Analysis
• Heat of Hydration
• Conclusion
Response Spectrum Analysis
21
Dynamic analysis of a structure subjected to earthquake excitation using the response spectrum.

Response Spectrum is a plot of the peak or steady-state response (displacement, velocity or acceleration) of a series
of oscillators of varying natural frequency, that are forced into motion by the same base vibration or shock
Response
Spectrum Load
spectrum
Functions
Cases

R
es
p
o
ns
e
S
pe
ct
ru
m
R
es
ul
ts
RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
22

Displacement Values

Node Dx(m) Dy(m) Dz(m)

3 SRSS(RS) 0.000149 0.000007 0.000003
4 SRSS(RS) 0.00015 0.000009 0
5 SRSS(RS) 0.000295 0.000011 0.000004

3 CQC(RS) 0.00015 0.000004 0.000003

4 CQC(RS) 0.00015 0.000004 0

5 CQC(RS) 0.000296 0.000006 0.000004

3 ABS(RS) 0.000151 0.000012 0.000003
4 ABS(RS) 0.000152 0.000015 0
5 ABS(RS) 0.000299 0.00002 0.000004
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ABS method produces largest combination values

SRSS either overestimates or underestimates the combination results where values of

natural frequencies are near to each other

CQC method preferred- accounts for probabilistic inter-relations between the modes
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CONTENTS

• Purpose and Introduction

• Types of Non-Linearity
• P-Delta Analysis
• Buckling Analysis
• Time History Analysis
• Eigen Value Analysis
• Response Spectrum Analysis
• Heat of Hydration
• Conclusion
HEAT OF HYDRATION
25
Considered For mass concreting or where speed of construction is rapid.

Non-uniform thermal expansion and contraction create undesirable stresses.

Heat of Hydration

Heat Transfer Analysis Thermal Stress Analysis

Conduction Convection Heat Source

Age, Compressive Strength,
Deformations
Heat Transfer Analysis Thermal Stress Analysis 26
Change in nodal temperatures with time
Additional deformations and stresses develop due to
Conduction shrinkage after initial curing
Heat Transfer- Energy Exchange

Convection Deformations also caused as a result of sustained stresses in

Heat Transfer- Relative Molecular Motion
concrete structures

The stresses may cause detrimental cracking in the concrete

resulting in decrease in strength and durability
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CONTENTS

• Purpose and Introduction

• Types of Non-Linearity
• P-Delta Analysis
• Buckling Analysis
• Time History Analysis
• Eigen Value Analysis
• Response Spectrum Analysis
• Heat of Hydration
• Conclusion
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CONCLUSION

Accurate and timely analysis of complex structures

Necessary to avoid time consumption and errors taking place in manual analysis
or basic analysis of software

All types of Non- Linearity's like Boundary, Geometrical or Material can be

incorporated
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THANK
YOU