J-COMPONENT FINAL REVIEW

PROJECT TITLE
ANALYSIS OF STEEL TRUSS ROAD BRIDGE
WITH VARIOUS TRUSS TYPES
Group Members
M.Tech (Structural Engineering)

MAKARAND DANDE- 19MST0004

CHAITRA DESHMUKH- 19MST0020

ANIKET HINGALAJE- 19MST0043

KANJANA RAJ- 19MST0053

JAYESH DARSHANE - 19MST0054

NIKHIL JADHAV - 19MST0066

 INTRODUCTION

• A truss bridge is a bridge whose load bearing superstructure is composed of a

truss, a structure of connected elements forming triangular units.
• The construction process is faster due to lightness of members and fabrication
of joints at site
• The most common type of steel truss used for bridges is Warren Truss.
• Steel trussed bridge flooring is either made up of steel plates or reinforced
concrete slab

OBJECTIVES

•To suggest the economical and sustainability factors for different types of truss
•To study and compare the effects of wind load and dynamic loads on various
types of truss bridge
 Literature Review
Author Article Title Journal Title and Summary
Year

U. Kuhlmann, Fatigue design of Structures 21- 2019 Highway and railway bridges are exposed to cyclic stressing due to
S. Bove, S. selected details in steel heavy traffic loads and therefore have to be evaluated concerning fatigue.
Breunig, K. bridges These projects aimed, to investigate constructional steel bridge details
Drebenstedt which are not fully covered by the currently existing design rules and to
extend the application range of Eurocode 3. The examples used are the
thick-plate trough bridges and truss bridges made of thick-walled circular
hollow sections (CHS). It could be concluded, that the fatigue resistance
of a double fillet weld under transversal bending is less critical than
expected.

Yanyan Shaa, Design of steel bridge Engineering For bridge structures across large rivers, ships that operate have a greater
Jørgen girders against ship Structures 196 - speed and displacement (i.e., the weight of the ship and the cargo).
Amdahla, Kun forecastle collisions 2019 Therefore, the collision design tends to be more critical. The collision
Liub force was relatively independent of the horizontal impact location because
the lower ship forecastle strength governed the collision force. The simple
approach of ‘double-thickness diaphragm end’ effectively increased the
transverse impact resistance of the girder at a notably limited increase in
cost and construction effort.
4
 Literature Review
Author Article Title Journal Title and Summary
Year

V.K.R.Kodur, Designing steel Journal of This paper approaches for overcoming fire threats where case study
M.Z.Naser. bridges for fire safety Constructional Steel involves bridge of Birmingham, USA. The study gives the solution for
Research (2019) fire resistant bridges by two approaches where 1)Fire based importance
factor-checking for vulnerability cases. 2)Optimum strategies application
before implementation. The moment capacity is calculated according to
thickness of insulation around girder where bridge can sustain highest
temperature for about 60-90min and thickness of insulation is concluded.
Insulated girders increases the time of fire resisting until there is any fire-
fighting protocol.

Zhongqiu Fu, Effects of multiaxial Elsevier (2018) In this research the effect of multiaxial fatigue on typical details of
Yixun Wang, fatigue on typical orthotropic steel bridge deck were studied. The principal stress with
Bohai Ji , Fei details of orthotropic greatest absolute values were applied for checking the stress details. The
Jiang steel bridge deck fatigue details and cracking direction were classified on structural
characteristics. To determine the multiaxial fatigue deviation the
calculating limit was used, which was obtained by the multiaxial fatigue
experiment of the deck and U-rib weld. The results states that fatigue
details in the steel bridge are usually in a state of multiaxial stress, and
uniaxial stress is only an instantaneous state.
5
 Literature Review
Author Article Title Journal Title and Summary
Year

Hua Yang, Wind suction effect on Journal of This paper is intended to investigate the wind suction effect and its
Changyong long-span stiffened Constructional Steel influence on the static wind-resistant behaviour of stiffened steel truss
Liu, Ying Sun, steel truss bridges Research (2012) bridges during construction. Two wind tunnel tests, including a high-
Sumei Zhang during erection frequency base balance (H-FBB) test and a synchronous multi-pressure
sensing system (SM-PSS) test, were carried out with the world's longest
arch-stiffened steel truss bridge as a model. On the basis of the
experimental results, two net pressure coefficients which could be used
to determine the wind suction are proposed. A finite element analysis
considering the wind suction effect is also performed, through which the
wind suction influence on the model bridge during erection is obtained.

Jin-Song Zhu, Shear behaviour of Elsevier (2019) This research is carried out for the study of shear behaviour of steel-
Yong-Guang steel-UHPC UHPC composite beam in waffle bridge deck system. The test are carried
Wang, Jia-Bao composite beams in out with the help of two point loading test. The test deals with the
Yan,Xiao-Yu waffle bridge deck influences of shear span, depth of the rib, width of the UHPC waffle slab.
Guo The results obtained from the test stated that shear span changes the
failure mode, height of rib in the waffle slab is less important than the
thickness of the slab to improve shear resistance of composite beam.

6
 Components of Steel Truss bridge

• Bottom Chord
• Bottom Lateral Bracing
• Top Chord
• Top Lateral Bracing
• Vertical Chord
• Diagonal Chord
• Portal Strut
• End Racker
• Stringer
 METHODOLOGY

• Literature Review
• Identification of suitable type of truss for road bridge
• Finalising the Dimensions based on IRC codes
• Calculation of dead and live loads acting on the bridge
• Modelling and Analysis in MIDAS Civil
• Application of rolling and wind loads
• Study and comparison of different types of truss bridge.
Bridge Dimensions and Details
 SECTIONS USED
PROPERTY SECTION I (mm) SECTION (mm)
H 600 450
B 400 300
Tw 12 14
Tf 16 16
Dimensions of I sections

PROPERTY SECTION I (mm) SECTION (mm)

H 600 600
B 500 600
Tw 10 100
Tf 14 100

Dimensions of Box Sections

 LOADING

Loads Applied

•Self Weight
•Moving Load
•Class A, Class AA, Class 70R and its combinations
MODELLING

HOWE TRUSS
PRATT TRUSS
WARREN TRUSS
ELASTIC LINK
 RESULTS
DISPLACEMENTS

TRUSS Dx Dy Dz Rx Ry Rz
TYPE (m) (m) (m) (rad) (rad) (rad)

PRATT 0.0060843 0.0032546 0.0003220 0.006969 0.002208 0.000221

HOWE 0.004888 0.002993 0.000373 0.006938 0.002201 0.000198

WARREN 0.007032 0.054337 0.033793 0.007137 0.002675 0.001678

• Warren truss has maximum displacement and rotation in X axis

DEFLECTION
 RESULTS
REACTIONS

TRUSS FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
TYPE (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m)

PRATT 335.66017 36.293309 1521.450872 0.067462 0.013836 0.001716

HOWE 390.26996 46.670267 1521.528385 0.067193 0.018953 0.001629

WARREN 334.42931 34.787906 1479.841884 0.069675 0.026458 0.00158

• Howe truss has maximum reaction in Z direction

• Warren truss has maximum moment developed in X direction

 RESULTS
BEAM FORCES

TRUSS Axial Shear-y Shear-z Torsion Moment-y Moment-z

TYPE (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m)

PRATT 1035.98 17.09 914.71 92.95 1010.72 83.16

HOWE 1079.77 19.37 914.38 94.08 1008.38 76.62

WARREN 1221.6 18.85 919.55 104.5 1029.73 180.5

• Warren truss has maximum force in beam

• Warren truss has maximum moment developed (Y direction)

 PLATE FORCE
ELASTIC LINK
(kN)
(kN)

WARREN 1479.84 917.74

HOWE 1521.53 841.67

PRATT 1521.45 850.24

• Howe and Pratt truss have same values for elastic link

• Plate force is maximum in Warren Truss

 CONCLUSION
 Maximum displacement and rotation was observed in Warren Truss
 Warren Truss developed maximum beam force and maximum reactions
 Warren truss has maximum moment
 Howe and Pratt truss have same values for elastic link
 Plate force is maximum in Warren Truss

 Based on above points we can summarize that

 Warren Truss is less efficient as compared to Pratt and Howe
 REFERENCES
 Kuhlmann U., Bove S., Breunig S., and Drebenstedt K. (2019): “Fatigue design of selected details
in steel bridges” Structures 21- 2019. Vol 26 pp.96–101
 Shaa Y., Amdahla J.,and Liub K.(2019): “Design of steel bridge girders against ship forecastle
collisions”. Engineering Structures 196 – 2019 Vol34 pp. 1141–1148
 Kodur V.K.R. and Naser M.Z. (2019)“Designing steel bridges for fire safety”. Journal of
Constructional Steel Research Vol 173 pp. 323–331
 Fu Z.,Wang Y., Ji B. and Jiang F.(2018) “Effects of multiaxial fatigue on typical details of
orthotropic steel bridge deck”. Elsevier Vol 87 pp. 692-706

 Yang H., Liu C, Sun Y., and Zhang S.(2012) “Wind suction effect on long-span stiffened steel truss
bridges during erection” Journal of Constructional Steel Research. Vol 32 pp.440–449
 Zhu J.S., Wang Y.G., Yan J.B., and Guo X.Y.(2019) “Shear behaviour of steel-UHPC composite
beams in waffle bridge deck” Elsevier. Vol 31 pp. 2352–2360
THANK
YOU