DESIGN OF BOX TYPE CULVERT

1 In side diamentions 3.00 m x 4.00 m

3
2 Super imposed load 12000 N/m
3 Live load 70000 N/m2
4 Wieght of soil 18000 N/m2
5 Angle of repose 30 Degree
6 Nominal cover top / bottom 50 mm Nominal cover side 50 mm
6 Cocrete M- 20 wt. of concrete 25000 kg/m3
scbc 7 N/m 2
m 13
7 Steel 500 Water side sst 150 N/m2 sst 190 N/m2
8 Thickess of side wall 550 mm thickness of side wall is OK
Thickness of top slab 550 mm O.K.
Thickness of bottom slab 530 mm
9 Reinforcement
Top slab Main 20 mm F @ 100 mm c/c
Distribution 8 mm F @ 100 mm c/c
At supports 8 mm F @ 200 mm c/c
Bottom slab Main 20 mm F @ 70 mm c/c
Distribution 8 mm F @ 100 mm c/c
At supports 8 mm F @ -160 mm c/c Through out slab at bottom
Side vertical wall Vertical 20 mm F @ 300 mm c/c Both side O.K.

Distribution 8 mm F @ 100 mm c/c

20 mm F @ 200 mm c/c
8 mm F @ 200 mm C/C
8 mm F @ 100 mm C/c

550

600 20 mm F @
20 mm F @ 100 mm C/C
300 mm C/C
4.00

8 mm F @
100 mm C/C

20 mm F @
70 mm c/c

530

20 mm F @ 8 mm F @ 8 mm F @
P 140 mm c/c 200 mm C/C 100 mm C/c
550 3.00 550

LACS CIVIL SOLUTION

 DESIGN OF BOX TYPE CULVERT
1 In side diamentions 3 x 4 m
2 Super imposed load #### 12000 N/m3
3 Live load 70000 N/m2
18000 2 wt. of water 9800 3
4 Wieght of soil N/m N/m
5 Angle of repose 30 Degree
6 Nominal cover top/bottom 50 mm Nominal cover Side 50 mm
20 wt. of concrete 25000 3
6 Cocrete M- N/m
scbc 7 N/m
2 m 13
7 Steel Fy 500 Out side sst 190 N/m
2

550 water side side sst 150 N/m2

1 Solution Genral
For the purpose of design , one metre length of the box is considered.
The analysis is done for the following cases.
(I) Live load, dead load and earth prssure acting , with no water pressure from inside.
(II) Live and dead load on top and earth pressure acting from out side, and water pressure acting from inside,
with no live load on sides
(III) Dead load and earth pressure acting from out side and water pressure from in side.

Let the thicness of Horizontal slab 550 mm = 0.55 m

Vertical wall thicness 550 mm = 0.55 m
Effective slab span 3 + 0.55 = 3.55 m
Effective Height of wall 4 + 0.55 = 4.55 m

2 Case 1 : Dead and live load from out side of while no water pressure from inside.
Self weight og top slab = 0.55 x 1 x 1 x 25000 = 13750 N/m2
Live load and dead load = 70000 + 12000 = 82000 N/m2
Total load on top = 95750 N/m2
Weight of side wall = 4.55 x 0.55 x 25000 = 62562.5 N/m
\ Upward soil reaction at base = ( 95750 x 3.55 )+( 2 x 62562.5 )=
130996 N/m2
3.55

Ka =
1 - sin 30
=
1 - 0.5
=
0.5 = 1 = 0.33
1 + sin 30 1 + 0.5 1.5 3
\ Latral pressure due to dead load and live load = Pv x Ka
p = 82000 x 0.333 = 27333.333 N/m2
Latral pressure due to soil Ka x w x h = 0.33333 x 18000 h = 6000 h
Hence total pressure = 27333.3 + 6000 h
Latral presure intencity at top = 27333.333 N/m2
Latral pressure intencity at bottom = 27333.3 + 6000 x 4.55 = 54633.3 N/m2
P w= 95750 N/m2
Fig 1 show the box culvert
27333.33 27333.33
frame ABC D, along with the external
A E B
loads, Due to symmetry, half of
frame (i.e. AEFD ) of box culvert is
considered for moment distribution. h 3.55
Since all the members have uniform 27333.33333 4.55
thickness, and uniform diamentions, 6000 h
the relative stiffness K for AD will be D F C
equal to 1 while the relative stiffness
54633.33 27333.33 27300
for AE and DF will be 1/2. 2
w = 130996.48 N/m
Fig 1

1 1/2
Distribution factore for AD and DA= = 2/3 Distribution factore for AB and DC= = 1/3
1+1/2 1+1/2
MFAB= wL2 95750 x 4.55 2=
Fix end moments will be as under : = -165189 N - m
12 12

Mfdc= +
wL 2
=
1E+05 x 4.55 = 225996 N - m
2

12 12

MFAD = + pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.

+
LACS CIVIL SOLUTION
 MFAD = + +
12 15

MFAD = +
27333 x 4.55 2
+ 27300 x 4.55
x
4.55 = 65995 N-m
12 2 15
MFDA = - pL2 WL
-
12 15

MFDA = -
27333 x 4.55 2-- 27300 x 4.55
x
4.55 = -47156 -28259 = -75415
12 2 10
The Moment distribution is carried out as illustrate in table
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 109177 95750 109177
225996.2 -75415 65995 -165189 51159
The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1
Joint D A 217831.25 217831.25
Member DC DA AD AB 51159
109177
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 27333 41660
Fix end moment 225996.2 -75415 65995 -165189 A A
Balance -50194 -100388 66129 33065 109177 2.275
Carry over 33065 -50194
68597
balance -11022 -22043 33463 16731 4.55 m
Carry over 16731 -11022
balance -5577 -11154 7348 3674 157140 2.275
Carry over 3674 -5577 27300 D D
balance -1225 -2449 3718 1859 54633 94332 49220
157140
Carry over 1859 -1225
balance -620 -1239 816 408 232519 232519
Carry over 408 -620 94332
balance -136 -272 413 207
Carry over 207 -136 130996
balance -69 -138 91 45 Fig 2
Carry over 45 -69
balance -15 -30 46 23
Final moment 157140 -157140 109177 -109177

95750 2
For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ N/m .
Vertical reactionat a and B = 0.5 x 95750 x 4.55 = 217831.25 N/m2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 1E+05 N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 130996.48 x 3.55 = 232518.75 N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.2
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 3.55 ) + 109177 - 157140 + 27333 x 3.55 x 3.55 x 1/2
+ 1/2 x 27300 x 3.55 x 3.55 x 1/3
-ha x 3.55 + -47963 + 172234.2 + 57341.375
From which, ha = 51159
Hence , hd =( 27333 + 54633.3 )x 3.55 - 51159 = 94332 N
2
95750 x 3.55 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 150837 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 150837 - 109177 = 41660 N-m
130996.4789 x 3.55 2=
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 206360.4 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 206360.3906 - 157140 = 49220 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
27333.33333 x 3.55 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 27300 x 3.55 2= 64562
8
157140 + 109177
Net B.M. = = 133159 - #### = 68597 N-m
2
3 Case 2 : Dead load and live load from out side and water pressure from inside.
In this case , water pressure having an intensity of zero at A and 9800 x 4.55 = 44590 N/m2
LACS CIVIL SOLUTION
At D, is acting, in addition to the pressure
considered in case 1. The various pressures are
w= 95750 N/m2
marked in fig 3 .The vertical walls will thus be
27333.33333 27333.33 27333.3333
subjected to a net latral pressure of

Net latral pressure diagram

Itensity = 27333 N/m2 At the Top A E B 17290

And = 54633 - 44590

= 10043 N/m2 at the bottom 3.55
4.55

D F C
54633.33333 54633.33 10043
w = 130996.48 N/m2
Fig 3
2
wL = 95750 x 3.55 2=
Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= -100557 N - m
12 12

Mfdc= wL
2
=
1E+05 x 3.55 2= 137574 N - m
12 12

MFAD = + pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.

+
12 10

MFAD = +
10043 x 3.55 2
+ 17290 x 3.55
x
3.55 = 21443 N-m
12 2 10
MFDA = - pL2 WL
-
12 15
MFDA = -
10043 x 3.55 2- 17290 x 3.55
x
3.55 = -17811 N -m
12 2 15
The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 55926 95750 55926
137573.6 -17811 21443 -100557 43170
The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1
Joint D A 217831.25 217831.25
Member DC DA AD AB
55926
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 27333 43170 191858
Fix end moment 137573.6 -17811 21443 -100557 A A
Balance -39921 -79842 52743 26371 55926 2.275
Carry over 26371 -39921
20992
balance -8790 -17581 26614 13307 4.55
Carry over 13307 -8790
balance -4436 -8871 5860 2930 82782 2.275
Carry over 2930 -4436 10043 D D
balance -977 -1953 2957 1479 41862 256212
82782
Carry over 1479 -977
balance -493 -986 651 326 298017 298017
Carry over 326 -493 41862
balance -109 -217 329 164
Carry over 164 -109 130996
balance -55 -110 72 36 Fig 4
Carry over 36 -55
balance -12 -24 37 18
Final moment 82782 -82782 55926 -55926

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 95750 N/m2.

Vertical reactionat a and B = 0.5 x 95750 x 4.55 = 217831.25 N/m2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ ##### N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 130996 x 4.55 = 298016.99 N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.3
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 4.55 ) + 55926 - 82782 + 10043 x 4.55 x 4.55 x 1/2

LACS CIVIL SOLUTION

 + 1/2 x 17290 x 4.55 x 4.55 x 2/3
-ha x 4.55 + -26856 + 103961.1 + 119315.41
From which, ha = 43170
Hence , hd =( 10043 + 27333 )x 4.55 - 43170 = 41862 N
2
95750 x 4.55 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 247784 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 247784 - 55926 = 191858 N-m
130996 x 4.55 2=
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 338994.3 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 338994.3255 - 82782 = 256212 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
10043.33333 x 4.55 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 17290 x 4.55 2= 48362
8
82782 + 55926
Net B.M. = = 69354 - #### = 20992 N-m
2

4 Case 3 : Dead load and live load on top water pressure from inside no live load on side.
in this case, it is assume that there is no latral oressure due to live load . As before .
The top slab is subjected to a load of '= 95750 N/m2
and the bottom slab is subjected to a load w= 95750 N/m2

Net latral pressure diagram

Itensity = 1E+05 N/m2 4000 4000
Lateral pressure due to dead load = A E B 4000

1/3 x 12000 = 4000 N/m2

Lateral pressure due to soil = 3.55
1/3 x 18000 = 6000 N/m2 4.55
Hence earth pressure at depth h is =
4000 + 6000 h D F C
31300 31300 17290
Earth pressure intensity at top = 4000 N/m2 w= 130996.48 N/m244590
44590
Fig 5
Earth pressure intensity at Bottom= 4000 + 6000 x 4.55 = 31300 N/m2
In addition to these, the vertical wall lslab subjectednto water pressure of intensity ZERO at top and 44590
N/m2 at Bottom, acting from inside . The lateral pressure on vertical walls Is shown in fig 5 and 6

2
wL 95750 x 3.55 2=
Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= = -100557 N - m
12 12

Mfdc= wL 2
=
1E+05 x 3.55 = 137574 N - m
2

12 12

MFAD = + pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.

-
12 15

MFAD = +
4000 x 3.55 2
- 17290 x 3.55
x
3.55 = -3063 N-m
12 2 15
MFDA = - pL2 WL 4200.83 -7263
+
12 10

MFDA = -
4000 x 3.55 2- 17290 x 3.55
x
3.55 = 6694 N -m
12 2 10
The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 43675 95750 43675
137573.6 6694 -3063 -100557 =
The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1
Joint D A 217831.25 217831.3
Member DC DA AD AB
43675
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 4000 107162
Fix end moment 137573.6 6694 -3063 -100557 A A
Balance -48089 -96178 69080 34540 43675 2.275
Carry over 34540 -48089
64420
LACS CIVIL SOLUTION
 64420
balance -11513 -23027 32059 16030 4.55
Carry over 16030 -11513
balance -5343 -10686 7676 3838 70531 2.275
Carry over 3838 -5343 0 D D
balance -1279 -2559 3562 1781 17290 135829
70531
Carry over 1781 -1279
balance -594 -1187 853 426 298017 298017
Carry over 426 -594 9915
balance -142 -284 396 198
Carry over 198 -142 130996
balance -66 -132 95 47 Fig 4
Carry over 47 -66
balance -16 -32 44 22
Final moment 70531 -70531 43675 -43675

95750 2
For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ N/m .
Vertical reactionat a and B = 0.5 x 95750 x 4.55 = 217831.25 N
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ ##### N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 130996 x 4.55 = 298016.99 N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.6
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( ha x 4.55 ) + 43675 - 70531 + 4000 x 4.55 x 4.55 x 1/2
- 1/2 x 17290 x 4.55 x 4.55 x 1/3
-ha x 4.55 + -26856 + 41405 - 59658
From which, ha = 9915
Hence , hd =( 17290 x 4.55 )- 4000 x 4.55 - 9915 = 11220
2
95750 x 3.55 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 150837 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 150837 - 43675 = 107162 N-m
130996 x 3.55 2=
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 206360.4 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 206360.3906 - 70531 = 135829 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
4000 x 3.55 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 17290 x 3.55 2= 7317.3
8
70531 + 43675
Net B.M. = = 57103 + 7317 = 64420 N-m
2

5 Design of top slab :

Mid section
The top slab is subjected to following values of B.M. and direct force
Case B.M. at Center (E) B.M. at ends (A) Direct force (ha)
(i) 41660 109177 51159
(II) 191858 55926 43170
(II) 107162 43675 9915

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 191858 N -m

for water side force
sst = = 150 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3
scbc = = 7 N/mm 2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
m = 13 for water side force
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.378 K = 0.378
m*c+sst 13 x 7 + 150
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.378 / 3 = 0.874 J = 0.874
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.87 x 0.378 = 1.155 R = 1.155
Provide over all thickness = 550 mm so effective thicknesss = 500 mm
Mr = R . B .D2 = 1.155 x 1000 x 500 2
= 288809307 > 191858000 O.K.
LACS CIVIL SOLUTION
 191858000 2
= 2926 mm
Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD=
150 x 0.874 x 500
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm F bars A = = = 314 mm2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars =Ax1000/Ast 314 x 1000 / 2926 = 107 say = 100 mm
Hence Provided 20 mm F Bars @ 100 mm c/c
Acual Ast provided 2
1000 x 314 / 100 = 3140 mm
Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5 = 3.55 / 5 = 0.80 m
0.1 x( 550 - 100 %
Area of distributionn steel = 0.3 - = 0.17
450 - 100
Ast = 0.17 x 550 x 10 = 943 mm2 area on each face= # mm2
2
3.14xdia 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm F bars A = = = 50 mm2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast = 50 x 1000 / 472 = 106 say = 100 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F Bars @ 100 mm c/c on each face
Section at supports :-
Maximum B.M.= 109177 N-m. There is direct compression of 51159 N also.
But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
Since steel is at top sst = 190 N/mm2 concrete M 20
k = 0.324 J = 0.89205 R = 1.0111
109177000
\ Ast = = 1289 mm2
190 x 0.8921 x 500

3140 2
Area available from the bars bentup from the middle section = / 2 = 1570 mm
1289 < 1570 Hence these bars will serve the purpose. However, provide 8 mm dia. Additional bars
@ 200 mm c/c
6 Design of bottom slab:
The bottom slab has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case B.M. at Center (F) B.M. at ends (D) Direct force (ha)
(i) 49220 157140 94332
(II) 256212 82782 41862
(II) 135829 70531 11220

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 256212 N -m

for water side force
sst = = 150 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3
scbc = = 7 N/mm 2 wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
m = 13 for water side force
m*c 13 x 7
k= = = 0.378 K = 0.378
m*c+sst 13 x 7 + 150
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.378 / 3 = 0.874 J = 0.874
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.87 x 0.378 = 1.155 R = 1.155
256212325
\ d = = 471 mm D = 521 mm
1000 x 1.155
Provide thickness of bottom slab D= 530 mm so that d = 480 mm
256212325 = 4071 mm2
Ast = BMx100/sstxjxD=
150 x 0.874 x 480
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars A = = = 314 mm2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars =Ax1000/Ast 314 x 1000 / 4071 = 77 say = 70 mm
Hence Provided 20 mm F Bars @ 70 mm c/c
Acual Ast provided 1000 x 314 / 70 = 4486 mm2
Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5 = 3.55 / 5 = 0.80 m
0.1 x( 530 - 100
Area of distributionn steel = 0.3 - = 0.18 %
450 - 100
Ast 2 470 mm2
= 0.18 x 530 x 10 = 939 mm area on each face=
2
3.14xdia 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50 mm2
4 x100 4
LACS CIVIL SOLUTION
 Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast = 50 x 1000 / 470 = 107 say = 100 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F Bars @ 100 mm c/c on each face
Section at supports :-
Maximum B.M.= 157140 N-m. There is direct compression of 94332 N also.
But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
Since steel is at top sst = 190 N/mm2 concrete M 20
k = 0.324 J = 0.89205 R = 1.0111
157140000
\ Ast = = 1932 mm2
190 x 0.8921 x 480
4486 2
Area available from the bars bentup from the middle section = / 2 = 2243 mm
Hence these bars will serve the purpose. However, provide 8 mm dia. Additional bars
1932 < 2243
@ 200 mm c/c
2
Additional reinforcemet required = -310.86 mm
2
3.14xdia 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50 mm2
4 x100 4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast = 50 x 1000 / -311 = -162 say = -160 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F Bars @ -160 mm c/c throught out the slab, at its bottom.

7 Design of side wall:

The side wall has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case B.M. at Center (F) B.M. at ends (D) Direct force (ha)
(i) 68597 157140 232519
(II) 20992 82782 298017
(II) 64420 70531 298017

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 157140 N -m, and direct force = 298017 N
157140 x 1000
Eccentricity = = 528 mm
298017
proposed thickness of side wall '= 550 mm \ e/D 528 / 550 = 0.96 < 1.5 OK
thickness of side wall is OK
Let us reinforce the section with 20 mm F bars @ 300 mm c/c provided on both faces, as shown
in fig xxx . With cover of 50 mm and D = 550 mm
1000 3.14 x 20 x 20 2
Asc = Ast = x = 1047 mm
300 4
The depth of N.A. is computed from following expression:
b n D - dt - n + (m - 1)Asc 1 (n - dc)(D - dt- dc)
3 3 n D
= e+ - dt
b n + (m -1) Asc n - dc D - dt - n 2
- m Ast
n n

1000 n n 1046.67
550 - 50 - + 12 x x n - 50 x -100
or 2 3 n
1000 n+ 1046.7 1047
12 x x n - 50 - 13 x x 550 - 50 -n
2 n n

n -1256000
500 n 500 - + n - 50 x
3 n
= 528 + 225
12560 13607
500 n+ x n - 50 - x 500 - n
n n

-62800000
250000 n - 167 n2 + -1256000 -
n
= 753
628000 6803333.33
500 n + 12560 - - + ####
n n
multiply by n
250000 n2 - 167 n3 + -1256000 n - -62800000
= 753
500 n2 + 12560 n- 628000 - 6803333.33 + #### n

LACS CIVIL SOLUTION

 250000 n2 - 167 n3 + -1256000 n - -62800000
= 0
376500 n2 + 19703500 n - 5595794000

-126500 n2 - 18447500 n - -5532994000 = 167 n3

-759 n2 + 110685 n - 33197964 = n3

Solwing this trial and error we get, n = 148.57 mm
12 x 1047 13 x 1047
\ c' = ( 500 x 148.57 + ( 148.57 - 50 )-
148.57 148.57
x( 550 - 50 - 148.57 )

or 74285 + 84.539 x 98.57 - 91.58 x 351.43 = 50433

298017
\ c' = = 5.91 < 7 N/mm2 Stress is less than permissiable
50433
m c' 13 x 5.91
Also stress in steel t = (D-dc-n) = x( 550 - 50 - 148.57 )
n 148.57
= 181.7 N/mm2 < 190 N/mm2 O.K.
Stress in steel is less than permissiable Hence section is O.K.

LACS CIVIL SOLUTION

LACS CIVIL SOLUTION
 Box culverts

12000
20 mm F @ 200 mm c/c
8 mm F @ 200 mm C/C
8 mm F @ 100 mm C/c

550

600 20 mm F @
20 mm F @ 100 mm C/C
300 mm C/C 550
4.00

8 mm F @
100 mm C/C

20 mm F @
70 mm c/c

530

20 mm F @ 8 mm F @ 8 mm F @
140 mm c/c 200 mm C/C 100 mm C/c
550 3.00 550

LACS CIVIL SOLUTION