ENERGY

Energy – The ability to do work

How is energy involved in the
following picture?
The tennis player does work
On her racket
The racket does work on the
ball
The ball does work on the
Energy Video net
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 STATES OF ENERGY
1. Kinetic - The energy of motion,
when energy is being
transferred.
The faster the motion, the more kinetic
energy it has. The bigger the mass, the more
Kinetic energy it has.
Depends on mass and velocity
Increase Mass Increase K.E.
Increase Velocity Increase K.E.
Why would a high speed collision
cause more damage than a low
speed collision?
 STATES OF ENERGY
Stored Energy or energy
2. Potential -
that is waiting to be
transferred.
-Object is not moving or doing work.
BUT… the shape or position of the object
can change the amount of potential energy.
-When work is done on an object, potential
energy is stored.
-Has the ability to turn into kinetic energy.
 What type of energy does each
Picture demonstrate?

Kinetic – When you Swing hammer

Potential

Potential Kinetic
 The Roller Coaster

http://www.ohiomathworks.org/themeparks/coastequation.gif
 7 Forms of Energy

http://www.teache
rtube.com/viewVi
deo.php?
video_id=127807
 FORMS OF ENERGY
1. Mechanical – Energy associated with
motion, anything moving.
POTENTIAL OR KINETIC

Examples of mechanical energy

 FORMS OF ENERGY
2. Thermal – Heat Energy
Is Kinetic
Results from friction, causes temperature
and phase changes, ALL OTHER TYPES of
energy TURN INTO THIS.

Solid to Liquid Liquid to Gas

 FORMS OF ENERGY
. Chemical – Energy that is released as a result
of molecular bonds being broken.
A Form of Potential Energy

Examples: All forms of fuel (gasoline,

coal, wood, food, radioactive materials)
Photosynthesis, batteries.
 What are examples of
Chemical Energy in this picture?
1. Wood Burning; chemical energy
stored in the wood is used to toast
your marshmallows

2. Chemical energy is stored in the

marshmallow’s sugar molecules.

3. When you eat a marshmallow,

chemical energy stored becomes
available for you to use.
 FORMS OF ENERGY
4. Electrical Energy – Energy of moving
electrons. Is
always kinetic.

The electrical outlets

in your home allow
you to use electrical
energy
 FORMS OF ENERGY
5. Sound – Caused by an object’s vibrations.
Can also be considered
mechanical.
Is potential and kinetic

Example: Guitar Strings

Vibrating
Is potential and kinetic
6. Light – Produced by the vibrations of
electrically charged particle that are
visible. Is kinetic.

LIGHT IS
ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENERGY
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Other Examples of Electromagnetic Energy

Microwave Infrared

Radio Waves X-Rays

 FORMS OF ENERGY
7. Nuclear – energy associated with changes
in the nucleus of an atom.
Is potential.
Examples:

Sun’s Energy Nuclear Power Plant

WHICH FORM OF ENERGY IS REPRESENTED
IN EACH PICTURE?
Energy is that "certain something" inside stuff (or matter to be more precise) that makes everything happen.
When something or somebody moves or jumps or falls or explodes or breathes or thinks or dances or does
anything, it's because energy is being transformed.
 SIMPLE
ENERGY CONVERSIONS
A change from one form of energy to
another is called an energy conversion.

Any form of energy can be converted

Into any other form of energy.
 ENERGY CONVERTING FROM
POTENTIAL TO KINETIC

MAX
MAX
PE.
PE.

MAX
KE.
CHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS
1. Chemical energy in food is converted to ………
2. Mechanical energy when you are moving,
3. Heat as a result of the movement to maintain
body temperature (homeostasis)

I think
therefore
I convert
energy

Chemical  mechanical  thermal (heat)

 Examples of Other
Chemical Energy Conversions
1. Batteries(chemical) light heatsound
2. Gas(chemical)  mechanicalheatsound

Chemical to ?
Lighting: electricallightheat

Most of the energy is converted

to heat. Only a small
percentage of the original
energy is converted into light
energy. Heat causes the air to
move very rapidly which in turn
causes sound.
 Electrical Energy Conversions
All electrical appliances are converting
electricity.
Name several examples of electrical
conversions.
MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS
Movement causes friction which
causes heat. Mechanical can turn into
mechanical again.

Bike: mechanical  mechanical

thermal  sound
THERE HAS TO BE AN ENERGY CHANGE TO MAKE
THINGS HAPPEN!
ENERGY CONVERSIONS
 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

The Law of Conservation of Energy states

that when one form of energy is converted into
another form of energy, no energy is destroyed
in the process.
Energy cannot be Created or Destroyed.
Energy Resources – a natural resource that can
be converted into energy for use by humans.
Two Types of Energy Resources:

Renewable & Nonrenewable

Renewable Resource – an energy resource
that can be replaced in a short amount of time.

WATER

WIND
GEOTHERMAL BIOMASS
 Renewable Resources:
1.Water- rivers (dams)
a. Hoover Dam- Nevada
2.Wind- moving air (windmills)
b. Great Plains
3.Geothermal- hot springs, geysers (inside Earth)
c.Yellowstone, parts of KY
4. Biomass- corn, ethanol, vegetable oils, wood
d. Everywhere
Nonrenewable Resources – cannot be replaced
after use or takes millions of years to replace.

Fossil Fuels – energy resources that are

formed from plants and animals that
lived millions of years ago
Non-renewable Resources – Fossil Fuel

Natural Gas

Coal

SUN!!! Petroleum
(Oil)
 Non Renewable Resources:
1.Coal- fossilized plants and animals (power plants)
a. KY, VA, WV
2.Natural Gas- gas deposits in the Earth (pipelines)
b. Great Plains
3.Petroleum- hot springs, geysers (oil rigs)
c.Gulf of Mexico, Middle East
4. Sun- radiant energy (solar panels)
d. Everywhere
 COMPLEX
ENERGY CONVERSIONS
Many simple energy conversions put
together.
Converting energy from the sun to
make it available for use at your home.
 Complex Energy Conversions
All energy originates (starts) with the
SUN!!!!
HOW CAN WE MAKE ENERGY FROM THE SUN
USEABLE????

The energy conversions involved with the sun are:

Nuclear  light  thermal (heat)

How can we use the light energy given from the sun on
earth?
 Complex Energy Conversions
_________

_________

_________

_________
 FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY TRANSFER
Plants die
Become coal

Nuclear to
Light to Chemical Chemical
Light
Chemical To Chemical

Electrical
Burn the
Mechanical Coal – Chemical
tothermal
Electromagnetic (light) (turn turbines) Power plant
 NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear power plants do the same job as
fossil fuel powered plants. They use
nuclear energy to power the turbines that
make the electricity.
Solar Energy
Light energy from the Sun is converted to electrical
energy for use in our homes.

Disadvantage: Sun is not really a renewable resource.

Advantage: Readily available as of now in all areas of
the world.

Area of the World = Deserts, plains areas, any area

with abundant sunlight.
Arizona, Mexico, California
Hydroelectric (Water) Energy

Mechanical energy from water in rivers is converted

to electrical power with dams.

Disadvantage: Expensive upkeep of dams.

Advantage: Readily available to those that already
have dams in place.

Area of the World = Hoover Dam most well known in

our country.
Wind Energy

Mechanical energy from wind is converted to

electrical power using wind turbines.

Disadvantage: Expensive and depends on how land is

laid out.
Advantage: Readily available to those that already
have wind turbines in place.

Area of the World = Great Plains, Kansas, Oklahoma.

Geothermal Energy

Thermal energy from within the Earth that can be

converted to usable energy.

Disadvantage: Land dependent, not available to

everyone.
Advantage: Cost effective.

Area of the World = Iceland, Wyoming, Yellowstone

National Park.
Biomass Energy

Chemical energy in plant and animal waste can be

converted to usable energy in the form of methane,
ethanol, bio-diesel, etc.

Disadvantage: Does use some food resources

increasing prices for these items.
Advantage: Readily available.

Area of the World = Most places.

 ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS

Nuclear to
Thermal Mechanical to
Thermal to
Mechanical
Mechanical

Electrical
Electrical to
Heat
Pretty
f
 BELLRINGERS
1. Define potential and kinetic energy.
2. Name the 7 types of energy and give an example
of each.
3. Which energy types are potential? Which are
kinetic? Which are both?
4. Explain the energy tranformations from the sun
to your alarm clock.
5. Explain the energy transformations from the
sun to you riding a bike.
6. Explain the energy transformations as a
pendulum swings.
7. Define renewable and nonrenewable resources
and give an example of each.
 Bellringer #2
1. The energy conversion involved with photosynthesis is:
a. Nuclear to light to heat to chemical
b. Light to chemical
c. Chemical to light
2. The energy conversion involved with a flashlight is:
a. Electrical to light to heat
b. Chemical to electrical to light to heat
c. Light to heat
3. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that in energy
conversions:
a. Energy is used up during conversions
b. Energy is not transferred from one form to another.
c. Energy is neither created or destroyed only changed
from one form to another with no energy loss.