Statistics and Probability

R
A
WORD
SHUFFLE
AMSPEL PSAEC
MAPELS SPCAE
SAPMEL CAPES
MAPELS SPCAE
SAMEPL CEPAS
SAMPLE SPACE
TEVNE
VETEN
EETNV
EVTEN
EVENT
Objectives:
• 1) Identify sample spaces and
determine the probability of an event
using simple classical or empirical
probability.
• 2)Determine the importance of each
events in life and the application of
probability in decision-making.
50-50
PROBABILITY
Probability provides information
about the likelihood that
something will happen.
Meteorologists, for instance, use weather
patterns to predict the probability of rain

In epidemiology, probability theory is used to
understand the relationship between exposures
and the risk of health effects.
PROBABILITY
- CHANCE
- LIKELIHOOD
You use probability in daily life to make
decisions when you don't know for sure what the
outcome will be. Most of the time, you won't
perform actual probability problems, but you'll
use subjective probability to make judgment calls
and determine the best course of action.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Sample Space
- “outcome space”, is simply the set of all
possible outcomes of an experiment.

Event
- refers to a subset of the sample space.
EXAMPLE 1
Suppose two different coins are tossed at
random. What is the sample space?
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
EXAMPLE 2
What will be the sample space if a die is
rolled?
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
EXAMPLE 3
Suppose primary colors are in a roulette.
What is the sample space?
S = {Red, Blue, Yellow}
EXAMPLE 4
What will be the sample space if two dice
are rolled?
S = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3),
(2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3),
(5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
- SIMPLE PROBABILITY-
PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT
 
The probability of an event, denoted as P(E), is
the numerical measure of the likelihood that an
event will occur.

P(E) =
where:
n(E)= number of ways that an event can occur
n(S)= total number of possible outcomes
EXAMPLE 1
Suppose two different fair coins are
tossed at random. What is the probability
of getting a head and then a tail??
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT} n(S) = 4
EXAMPLE 2
If a die is rolled, what is the probability of
getting 3?
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} n(S) = 6
EXAMPLE 3
Suppose primary colors are in a roulette. What
is the probability of Red being chosen?

S = {Red, Blue, Yellow}

F
Impossible Even Chance Certain

O 1
Unlikely Likely
Objectives:
• 1) Identify sample spaces and
determine the probability of an event
using simple classical or empirical
probability.
• 2)Determine the importance of each
events in life and the application of
probability in decision-making.
 EXAMPLE 1

If a die is rolled, find the probability of the

following events:

(a) getting an even number

(b) getting a prime number
(c) getting a multiple of 7
 If a die is rolled, find the probability of the following
event.

a.) getting an even number

Sample Space:
S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(S) = 6

Event:
E= {2, 4, 6}     1 1
n(E) = 3 𝑃
𝑃 (( 𝐸
𝐸) =
)=
2 2
 If a die is rolled, find the probability of the following
event.

b.) getting a prime number

Sample Space:
S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(S) = 6

Event:
E= {2,3,5}     1 1
n(E) = 3 𝑃
𝑃 (( 𝐸
𝐸) =
)=
2 2
 If a die is rolled, find the probability of the following
event.

c.) getting a multiple of 7

Sample Space:
S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(S) = 6

Event:
E= { }   𝑃 ( 𝐸 )= 0
n(E) = 0
 EXAMPLE 2

If a card is selected at random from a

standard deck of 52 cards, find the
probability of getting a/an:

(a) black face card

(b) heart
(c) ace
 If a card is selected at random from a standard
deck of 52 cards, find the probability of getting a/an:

a.) black face card

Sample Space:   𝑛 (𝐸)

n(S) = 52 𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
𝑛 (𝑆)
Event:
  6
𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
n(E) = 6 52
 If a card is selected at random from a standard
deck of 52 cards, find the probability of getting a/an:

b.) heart

Sample Space:   𝑛 (𝐸)

n(S) = 52 𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
𝑛 (𝑆)
Event:
  13
𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
n(E) = 13 52
 If a card is selected at random from a standard
deck of 52 cards, find the probability of getting a/an:

c.) ace

Sample Space:   𝑛 (𝐸)

n(S) = 52 𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
𝑛 (𝑆)
Event:
  4
𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
n(E) = 4 52
 EXAMPLE 3

A jar contains 5 red, 4 blue and 8 yellow

marbles. If a marble is drawn at random,
what is the probability that it is:

(a) blue
(b) not red
 A jar contains 5 red, 4 blue and 8 yellow marbles. If a marble is
drawn at random, what is the probability that it is:

a.) the marble is blue

Sample Space:   𝑛 (𝐸)

n(S) = 17 𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
𝑛 (𝑆)
Event:
  4
𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
n(E) = 4 17
 
P (E) = 23.53%
 A jar contains 5 red, 4 blue and 8 yellow marbles. If a marble is
drawn at random, what is the probability that it is:

b.) not red

Sample Space:   𝑛 (𝐸)

n(S) = 17 𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
𝑛 (𝑆)
Event:
  12
𝑃 ( 𝐸 )=
n(E) = 12 17
 
P (E) = 70.59%