Models of the Atom

a Historical Perspective
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Democritus Aristotle J. Dalton

Indestructible and Indivisible

N. Bohr E. Rutherford J.J. Thompson

E. Schröndinger
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Democritus

• Matter is composed of atoms, which move

through empty space

• Indestructible and Indivisible

Historical Perspective of Atoms

• Empty space cannot exist

fire
Aristotle
earth air
water
Historical Perspective of Atoms
Historical Perspective of Atoms

John Dalton
• All substances are made up of atoms which are small
particles that cannot be created, divided, or destroyed.
• Atoms of the same element are exactly alike and atoms
of different elements are different.
• Atoms join with other atoms to form different
substances.
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Law of Conservation of Mass

- Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

Law of Definite Proportions

- Joseph Louis Proust

- Different samples of any pure compound

contain the same elements in the same
Proportions by mass.
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Law of Multiple Proportions

- the mass of one element that can
combine with a fixed mass of another
element are in a ratio of small whole
numbers.
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Dalton's Model of Atom (1808)

matter consists of
indivisible atoms

atoms arrange in
different combinations
to take different
compounds
Historical Perspective of Atoms

J.J. Thomson
made of smaller negatively-
charged particles called
electrons
Historical Perspective of Atoms
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Plum Pudding Model (1904)

J.J. Thompson
Historical Perspective of Atoms
Historical Perspective of Atoms
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Nuclear Model (1911)

Ernest Rutherford
positively charged particles were contained
in the nucleus and the negatively charged
particles were scattered
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Nuclear Model (1911)

Plum Pudding Model (1904) Ernest Rutherford
J.J. Thompson
Historical Perspective of Atoms
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Bohr’s model
electrons move in definite
orbits around the nucleus
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Bohr Model (1913)

Niels Bohr
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Bohr Model (1913) Quantum Mechanical

Niels Bohr Model (1920s)
•Erwin Schröndinger
Historical Perspective of Atoms
Quantum Mechanical Model with Protons and Neutrons

Protons: Ernest Rutherford (1919)

Neutrons: James Chadwick (1932)
Historical Perspective of Atoms
Plum Pudding Model (1904) Nuclear Model (1911)
J.J. Thompson Ernest Rutherford

Bohr Model (1913) Quantum Mechanical

Niels Bohr Model (1920s)
•Erwin Schröndinger
Historical Perspective of Atoms
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Democritus Aristotle J. Dalton

Indestructible and Indivisible

N. Bohr E. Rutherford J.J. Thompson

E. Schröndinger
Historical Perspective of Atoms

Source: Tyler Dewiit

www.chemistry textbook.com
Subatomic particles of Atom

Atoms
Subatomic particles of Atom
Subatomic particles of Atom

Ernest Rutherford

JJ Thomson

James Chadwick
Subatomic particles of Atom
Subatomic particles of Atom
ISOTOPES

One of two or more species of atoms of a

chemical element with the same atomic
number and position in the periodic table
and nearly identical chemical behaviour
but with different atomic masses and
physical properties.
ISOTOPES

One of two or more species of atoms of a

chemical element with the same atomic
number and position in the periodic table
and nearly identical chemical behaviour
but with different atomic masses and
physical properties.
IMPORTANCE OF ISOTOPES

Food Preservation
Carbon Dating

Disease Diagnosis and Treatment