FRESH

WATER
and
MARINE
CONSERVATI
ON
WHAT IS FRESH
WATER?
In simple terms, freshwater is water that has little or no
dissolved salts and dissolved solids. This excludes sea or
marine waters and brackish water.

Fresh water may be still or fast flowing. Still, fresh

water is known as ‘Lentic systems’ whiles flowing fresh
water is known as ‘Lotic Systems’. Others come from
underground as groundwater in aquifers and
underground streams.
 Where does all Fresh Water come from?
• Fresh water comes from precipitation from the
atmosphere, usually in the form of rain, mist and snow.
When these fall, they find their way into streams and
rivers which run down from mountain tops to low-lying
areas. Eventually, they end up in the sea or ocean.
Because much of atmospheric water end up falling into
our water bodies, it is important that we keep an eye on
the chemicals that find their way into the atmosphere via
air pollution.
IMPORTANC
E OF FRESH
WATER
According to the United Nations, more than 40% of the global
workforce is heavily dependent on freshwater. There are
strong links between water and jobs across all sectors of the
economy – agriculture, fisheries and forestry, energy,
manufacturing and transport.

All ecosystems are connected by water. As a result freshwater

is worth trillions of dollars to our economy through various
ecosystem services. These include power generation, food and
medicine production, flood buffering and recreation and
tourism.
According to the United Nations, more than 40% of the global
workforce is heavily dependent on freshwater. There are
strong links between water and jobs across all sectors of the
economy – agriculture, fisheries and forestry, energy,
manufacturing and transport.

All ecosystems are connected by water. As a result freshwater

is worth trillions of dollars to our economy through various
ecosystem services. These include power generation, food and
medicine production, flood buffering and recreation and
tourism.
Different Types of Fresh
Water
Essentially there are two main
types: 1. Static Water (called
lentic)
2. Flowing Water (called
lotic).
 STATIC WATER
• (LENTIC)
Water collected and stored in
as for urban use.
reservoirs, tanks, etc.,

• Static water level refers to the level of water in a

well under normal, undisturbed, no-pumping
conditions. Static water level is best determined
when the well has not been pumped for several
hours prior to measuring. You may get a false
reading if the well was pumped just before the
static water level is measured.
 Different Types of Static Water:

A. Lake
- (from Latin lacus) is a large body of water (larger and
deeper than a pond) within a body of land. As a lake is separated
from the ocean, it is not a sea. Some lakes are very big, and people
in the past sometimes called them seas. Lakes do not flow like
rivers, but many have rivers flowing into and out of them.
 Different Types of Static Water:

B. Pond
- is an area filled with water, either natural or artificial, that is
smaller than a lake. It may arise naturally in floodplains as part of
a river system, or be a somewhat isolated depression. It may
contain shallow water with marsh and aquatic plants and animals.
 FLOWING
WATER
Flowing water is a collection of streams and
rivers. River and streams are major hydrolic
features globally. We depend on these water
resources to sustain our way of life. Flowing
water is caused from water moving from a
higher pressure to a lower pressure area.
 Different Types of Flowing Water:
C. Stream
- is a body of water with surface water flowing within
the bed and banks of a channel. The flow of a stream is
controlled by three inputs - surface water, subsurface water
and groundwater. The surface and subsurface water are
highly variable between periods of rainfall.
D. River
- is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater,
flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.
 STATUS OF FRESHWATER TODAY

Lots of Water, but Not Always Where It is Needed

One hundred and ten thousand cubic kilometers of precipitation,
nearly 10 times the volume of Lake Superior, falls from the sky
onto the earth’s land surface every year. This huge quantity would
be enough to easily fulfill the requirements of everyone on the
planet if the water arrived where and when people needed it. But
much of it cannot be captured (top), and the rest is distributed
unevenly (bottom).
 WATER SUPPLIES TODAY
Much of the Americas and Northern Eurasia enjoy abundant water
supplies. But several regions are best by greater or lesser degrees of
“physical” scarcity—whereby demand exceeds local availability.
Other areas, among them Central Africa, parts of the Indian
subcontinent and Southeast Asia, contend with “economic” water
scarcity, where lack of technical training, bad governments or weak
finances limit access even though sufficient supplies are available.
 WATER SUPPLIES TODAY
Freshwater makes up a very small fraction of all water on the planet. While
nearly 70 percent of the world is covered by water, only 2.5 percent of it is
fresh. The rest is saline and ocean-based. Even then, just 1 percent of our
freshwater is easily accessible, with much of it trapped in glaciers and
snowfields. In essence, only 0.007 percent of the planet's water is available
to fuel and feed its 6.8 billion people.

Due to geography, climate, engineering, regulation, and competition for

resources, some regions seem relatively flush with freshwater, while others
face drought and debilitating pollution. In much of the developing world,
clean water is either hard to come by or a commodity that requires laborious
work or significant currency to obtain.
 FRESH
WATER
BIODIVERIST
Y LOSS AND
THREATS
 FRESH WATER BIODIVERSITY LOSS

The role of healthy freshwater ecosystems in sustaining wildlife is

less celebrated.

Freshwaters cover only about 0.5% of the earth’s surface, but

are home to nearly 10% of all known species, including a third of all
vertebrates. Despite this abundance of biodiversity, freshwater
ecosystems are among the most threatened on Earth. According to
the World Wildlife Fund’s Living Planet Index, freshwater fish,
birds, mammals and reptiles and amphibians have declined by a
whopping three-quarters over the last 40 years. This is significantly
more than the declines in ocean and land wildlife.
 FRESH WATER THREATS
Of all the Earth’s ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems have been
hit hardest by human activities. Key threats include dams, farming
and industry, water extraction, pollution, flow change, invasive
species, over-harvesting of species, and climate change.

Pollution is another significant threat to these habitats.

Fertiliser runoff from farming and the dumping of industrial
pollutants directly into rivers and lakes have resulted in areas so
poisoned that they can no longer support their normal range of
species.
 FRESH WATER THREATS
Invasive species have played a major role in disrupting
freshwater ecosystems.

Climate change presents another threat to freshwater habitats,

particularly to those species that can’t migrate or compensate for
higher temperatures. In Australia, extreme weather fluctuations
and natural disasters such as floods and droughts are projected to
become more common, placing freshwater biodiversity under
further stress.
 Different Acts in Preserving Fresh Water in
the Philippines
1. The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No.
9275)
Aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-
based sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and
community/household activities). It provides for a comprehensive and
integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-
sectoral and participatory approach involving all the stakeholders.
 Different Acts in Preserving Fresh Water in
the Philippines

Republic Act No. 9275 March 22, 2004. AN ACT PROVIDING

2.
FOR A COMPREHENSIVE WATER QUALITY
MANAGEMENT AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
This Act shall apply to water quality management in all water bodies:
Provided, That it shall primarily apply to the abatement and control of
pollution from land based sources: Provided, further, That the water quality
standards and regulations and the civil liability and penal provisions under
this Act shall be enforced irrespective of sources of pollution.
 Different Acts in Preserving Fresh Water in
the Philippines
3. REPUBLIC ACT
NO. 3931. AN ACT CREATING
THE NATIONAL WATER AND AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL COMMISSION.
It is hereby declared a national policy to maintain reasonable standards of purity
for the waters and of this country with their utilization for domestic, agricultural,
4. Act No.
industrial 4003
and other "Fisheries
legitimate purposes.Act" AN ACT TO AMEND
AND COMPILE THE LAWS RELATING TO FISH
AND OTHER AQUATIC RESOURCES OF THE
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES.
DIFFERENT WAYS ON PRESERVING FRESH
WATER
DIFFERENT WAYS ON PRESERVING FRESH WATER

Turn off the faucet while brushing your teeth or shaving.

Wash only full loads of laundry.

Position sprinklers to water the lawn and garden, not the sidewalk
or driveway.
Plant native shrubs and groundcovers rather than grass in your
landscaping.
Allow your lawn to go dormant for a few months in the
summer.
 DIFFERENT WAYS ON PRESERVING FRESH WATER

Compost food waste instead of using the garbage disposal.

Repair leaky faucets indoors and outdoors.

Install aerators on all your faucets.
Upgrade to more-water-efficient appliances, including toilets,
showerheads, washing machines, refrigerators, and dishwashers.
Collect rainwater from your roof in rain barrels and reuse it
to water your garden.
Rinse vegetables in a dish of water and then dump that water
in your houseplants or garden.
 MARINE
CONSERVATION
 What is MARINE
CONSERVATION?
• Marine conservation, also known as marine
resources conservation, is the protection and
preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas.
It focusses on limiting human-caused damage
to marine ecosystems, and on restoring
damaged marine ecosystems. Marine
conservation also focusses on preserving
vulnerable marine species.
PHILIPPINE LAWS RELEVANT TO THREATENED
MARINE WILDLIFE
For starters, not all marine wildlife are protected by the law. The
law only protects marine wildlife that are generally classified as
“threatened.” Threatened species are species with a conservation
status ranging from VU (Vulnerable), EN (Endangered), to CR
(Critically Endangered).

There is no specific law that covers the protection of all marine

wildlife. RA 9147 or the Wildlife Resources Conservation and
Protection Act covers the protection of all the wildlife resources of our
country, especially the threatened and exotic species, as specified in
Articles 2 and 3. RA 8550 or the Philippine Fisheries Code mandates
the protection of threatened and rare species as specified on Section
11.
10 Things You Can Do to Save Marine Ecosystem
1. Mind your Carbon Footprint and Reduce
Energy Consumption
2. Make Safe, Sustainable Seafood Choices
3. Use Fewer Plastic Products
4. Help Take Care of the Beach
5. Don’t Purchase Items that Exploit Marine
Life
6. Be an Ocean-Friendly Pet Owner
7. Support Organizations that Protect the
Ocean
8. Influence Change in your Community
9. Travel the Ocean Responsibly
 10 MARINE
CONSERVATION NON-
PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
IN THE PHILIPPINES
 1. Save the Philippine Seas (SPS)

Save the Philippine Seas (SPS) is a non-stock, non-profit organization that

began in 2011. SPS aims to keep the community aware and involved with the
activities and provides ways for marine life conservation and management.

2. Waves for Water (W4W)

Waves for Water (W4W) is an international NGO started by a small
group of surfers when its members discovered that clean drinking water
is not always attainable. The group distributes water filtration systems in
different areas of the country, especially those who are affected by
natural calamities.
 3. Marine Wildlife Watch of the Philippines (MWWP)
Registered as Marine Wild Fauna Watch of the Philippines, the
MWWP is a non-profit, non-stock, conservation organization with
various projects and activities that aim for a better appreciation of
the marine environment, its ecological processes, and how it affects
us all.
4. Marine Conservation Philippines
One of the most active NGO, the Marine Conservation
Philippines is dedicated to preserving and protecting coastal
resources in the Philippines through education, volunteerism, and
research.
They organize a weekly beach and dive clean-up activity throughout
the year. Interested applicants can enroll in 6, 8 or 16 weeks of
volunteerism.
 5. Large Marine Vertebrates Research (LAMAVE)
 Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines
(LAMAVE) focuses their efforts on the research and conservation of marine
mega fauna and the marine environment in the Philippines. The institute
works closely with local governments, communities, and businesses and
tourists to minimize pollution and develop tools for conservation
management by creating or zoning marine protected areas.

6. Scuba for Change

As a Not-For-Profit dive center, Scuba for Change aims to employ,
train and educate locals in Puerto Galera on diving consciously. The
company donates 50% of their profits to the local Stairway
Foundation, which is a charity organization whose works and
programs focus on preventing child exploitation in the Philippines.
 7. People and the Sea
People and the Sea is a marine-based conservation initiative
that organizes volunteer expeditions to the island of
Malapascua in the Philippines. Through numerous
expeditions, volunteers learn to have an active role in the
protection of the marine environment, becoming a part of
the community.

8. Coral Cay Conservation

Coral Cay Conservation is an internationally renowned and

accredited conservation specialist registered in the United Kingdom
that has numerous projects in Southern Leyte, Philippines. Since
1995, they have been working to conserve the local ecosystem and
ensure its long term future.
 9. Green Fins
Another international organization, Green Fins, works in the Philippines and
other neighbouring countries in efforts to increase public awareness and
management practices that will benefit the conservation of coral reefs and
reduce unsustainable tourism practices.

10. Project Seahorse

International marine conservation group Project Seahorse is dedicated to

securing a world where marine ecosystems are healthy and well-managed.
Their main thrusts are to save seahorses, secure the world’s shallow seas,
and train conservationists.
THANKS YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
GROUP MEMBERS:
1. AVA NICOLE R. MABAL
2. VON DE CHRISTIAN B. ROBERTO
3. DESTINY RATA
4. HANI PEARL S. PATRICIO
5. JEANNE BIANCA I. RAMOS
6. LORAINE S. TAMADO
7. PRINCESS ANGIELLE C. CASTRO