READING UNIT 1A

VOCABULARY 1A

• Recruit , verb ,enlist (someone) in the armed forces.

• "we recruit our toughest soldiers from the desert tribes"
competitor , noun a person who takes part in a sporting contest.
• "two competitors were banned for taking drugs"
• Passion, noun ,strong and barely controllable emotion.
• Going to the gym for four hours every day displayed the athletic woman’s
passion for fitness and health
• Reponsible , adjective having an obligation to do something, or having control
over or care for someone, as part of one's job or role.
• "the cabinet minister responsible for Education"
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• Establish , verb , set up on a firm or permanent basis.

• "the scheme was established in 1975”
• Victory , noun , an act of defeating an enemy or opponent in a battle, game, or
other competition.
• "an election victory”
• Defeat , verb, to overcome in a contest, election, battle, etc.;
• The soccer team was able to defeat their opponent with the kick of a final goal
• Universal , adjective , relating to or done by all people or things in the world or in
a particular group; applicable to all cases
• Universal ideas such as love and kindness are found in books throughout the world
• Unique , adjective .being the only one of its kind ;unlike anything else
• Sara’s unique hairstyle captured everyone’s attention.
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• Adjust , verb , alter or move (something) slightly in order to achieve the desired fit,
appearance, or result.
• "he smoothed his hair and adjusted his tie"
• Automatic , adjective , (of a device or process) working by itself with little or no
direct human control.
• My dishwasher is automatic"
• "an automatic kettle that switches itself off when it boils"
• Champion , noun, a person who has surpassed all rivals in a sporting contest or other
competition.
• Differentiate , verb , recognize or ascertain what makes (someone or something)
different.
• "children can differentiate the past from the present"
• Elite, noun , a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest
of a group or society.
• During the Olympic , the USA will be represented by a squad of elite professional
basketball players.
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• Genetic , adj , relating to DNA

• "Resrches can help us understand why certain people get certain genetic diseases "
• Psychological , adjective, related to the mental and emotional state of a person.
• "the victim had sustained physical and psychological damage"
• Require , verb, need for a particular purpose.
• "three patients required operations"
• ”this course is required ”
• Enhance , verb , intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of.
• One of the best ways to enhance your vocabulary is by reading and discovering new
vocabulary
• Generate , verb , produce or create.
• TV commercials helps to generate demand for new products by convincing watchers that
they can’t live without these products
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• Associated with, phrase, to be connected with something in some way. ,
The cancer risks associated with smoking have been well documented.
• Conform , verb,  to act in accordance with prevailing standards or customs.
• At our school , you were required to conform, and there was no place for originality"
• Consumer, noun, a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
• Higher taxes will reduce consumer spending"
• Devote , verb , give all or most of one's time or resources to (a person or activity).
• "I wanted to devote more time to my family"
• Gender , noun , either of the two sexes (male and female)
Discrimination on the basis of race, gender, age or disability is not allowed.
• Desire , noun , a strong feeling of wanting to have something or wishing for something
to happen.
• The hotel had everything you could possibly desire.
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• Feature noun, a distinctive attribute or aspect of something.

•  This car has several added features.
• Subjective , adjective, based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.
"his views are highly subjective.
• Uniform , adjective, remaining the same in all cases and at all times; unchanging in form
or character.
• Notion , noun, Similar : Idea, belief, concept a conception of or belief about something.
• "children have different notions about the roles of their parents"
• Transform , verb , make a marked change in the form, nature, or appearance of.
• "lasers have transformed cardiac surgery”
• Format, noun , the way in which something is arranged or set out.
• The file is saved in MP3 format.
• Deformed , adjective (of a person or part of the body) not having the normal or natural
shape or form; misshapen.
After the accident his arm was permanently deformed.
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• Criminal , noun ,a person who has committed a crime.

• "these men are dangerous criminals"
• Mature , adjective, fully developed physically; full-grown.
• She was a mature lady when she married’
• Crucial , adjective, extremely important or necessary.
• Vitamins are crucial for maintaining good health
• Permanent , adjective, lasting for a long time or for ever.
• Are you looking for a temporary or a permanent job?
• External , adjective, belonging to or forming the outer surface or structure of something.
• Protective , adjective , adjective , intended to protect someone or something.
• "protective gloves are worn to minimize injury"
• Fade, verb, gradually grow faint and disappear.
• Sector
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• Leisure ,noun, the time when you are not working or doing other duties

• The hotel offers various leisure facilities such as a swimming pool and sauna.
• State , noun , a condition or way of being that exists at a particular time.
• After the accident I was in a state of shock.
• Address , noun , the number of the house , name of the road , and name of the town where a person
live or works.
• Basis ,noun , the underlying support or foundation for an idea, argument, or process.
• The company does not hire employees on the basis of their race, sex, age, or religion.
• Damage, verb, to harm or spoil something
• Many buildings were badly damaged during the war..
• Resident, noun, a person who lives or has their home in a place.
• "he has been resident in Alahsa for a long time"
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• Distinctive , adjective , Something that is distinctive is easy to recognize because it is different from other things
• She's got a very distinctive voice.
• Landscape, noun, All the visible features of an area of land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.
• Drage , verb, to move something by pulling it along a surface, usually the ground.
• Pick the chair up instead of dragging it behind you
• Status , noun , relative social or professional position; standing.
• Women in some countries have a lower status than men and therefore less control over money.
• Officially , adverb, formally and in a way agreed to or arranged by people in position of authority.
• Joe Biden is now officially the President-elect of the United States of America
• Reverse , verb , to change the direction, order position , result etc. of something to its opposite.
• Enforce ,verb, to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted.
• The new teacher had failed to enforce any sort of discipline.
• Poverty , noun, the condition of being extremely poor
• He emigrated to Australia to escape the grinding poverty of his birthplace.
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• Capture, verb, to take someone as a prisoner or to take something into your possession, especially by forced
• Two of the soldiers were killed and the rest were captured.
• Contact, verb, communcation with someone, especially by speaking or writing to them regularly.
• I’d hate to lose contact with my college friends.
• Signal, noun, an action movement, or sound that gives information a message, a warning, or an order
• The fireworks were a signal that the festival had started.
• Conflict, noun , an active disagreement  between people with opposing opinions or principles.
• World War Two was the largest conflict in human history, costing millions of lives across the globe
• Bonus,noun,  something in addition to what is expected or strictly due.
The salary was $40,000, plus a bonus.
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• Ancestors , noun , one from whom a person is descended and who is usually more remote in the line of descent
than a grandparent.
• Her ancestors came to America in the 1880s.
• Dawn , noun , the first appearance of light in the morning followed by sunrise.
• I love to sit out on the patio at dawn and watch the rising of the sun
• Disastrous , adjective , causing great damage. Highly unsuccessful.
• Such a war would be disastrous for the country.
• Inevitable , adjective , certain to happen; unavoidable.
• "war was inevitable"
• Summit , noun , the highest point of a hill or mountain.
• "she climbed back up the path towards the summit"
• Destructive , adjective, causing great and irreparable damage.
• I worry about the destructive effect that violent films may have on children.
• Displace, verb , take over the place, position, or role of.
• "he believes that books may be displaced by the electronic word"
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• Exceed, verb, to be greater than a number or amount, or to go past an allowed limit.

• She was found guilty on three charge of exceeding the speed limit.
• Exit , verb , the act of leaving  something such as a job an organization, a competition , or a television show
• Once the movie is over, the patrons will exit the theater and get in their cars to go home
• Noun , the door through which you might leave a building or large vehicle
• Explsion, noun , the fact of something such as a bomb exploding
• The fire was thought to have been caused by a gas explosion.
• Export ,verb, to send good to another country for sale
• French cheese are exported to many different countries.
• Noun, a product that you sell in another country, or the business of sending goods to another country in
order to sell them there.
• Coffee is one of Brazil’s main exports.
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• Expand , verb, to increase in size, number or important or to make

something increase in this way
• In order to expand the master bedroom, the owner tore through a wall to combine
the bedroom and a bonus room
• Monitor, verb, to watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time
in order to discover something about it.
• The CIA were monitoring his phone calls.
• Noun, a person who has the job of watching or noticing particular things
• Witness , verb, to see something happen, especially an accident or crime
• He arrived home just in time to witness his brother being taken away by the police.
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• Massive , adjective , very large in size, amount or number

• The main floor consisted of common areas and wide halls lined with massive windows.
• Random, adjective . Happining , done, or chosen by chance rather than according  to a plan.
• Schedule, noun. A list of  planned activities or things to be done showing the time  or date when they are intended
to happen or be done
• The class schedule is available on the website.
• Track ,verb. To follow  a person or animal by looking for proof that they have been somewhere, or by
using electronic equipment.
• A GPS system was used to track the stolen vehicle and return it to its rightful owner
• Zone,noun. an area, especially one that is different from the areas around it because it has different characteristics
or is used for different purposes.
• He parked in a no-parking zone, figuring even the police wouldn't be out on a night like this.
• Data, noun. information especially facts or number, collected to be examined and considered and used
to help decision-making, or information in an electronic form that can be stored and used by a computer.
• Detect,verb. To notice something that is partly hidden or not clear or to discover something, especially using
a special method
New technology can now detect cancer cells at their earliest stage.
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• Foundation , noun. an underlying basis or principle.

• The two leaders have laid the foundations of a new era of cooperation
between their countries.
• Laboratory, noun. A room or building with scientific equipment for
doing scientific  teste or for teaching science, or a place where chemical
or medicine are produced
• Laboratory testes suggest that the new drug may be used to treat cancer.
• Precise, adjective, exact and accurate.
• years of doing this research had made her very precise in her working method.
• Regular, adjective. Usual or ordinary
• Temporary workers do not get the same benefit as regular employees.
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• Architectural , adjective , relating to the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.
• Noun , Architecture, The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.
• The architecture of the building received major compliments for its unique design and strong build.
• Award , noun . a prize or an amount of money that is given to someone following  an official decision.
• He was nominated for the best actor award.
• Convert, verb, to (cause something or someone to) change in form or character
• The homeowners want to convert the closed-in garage to a third bedroom for their son
• Cure , verb, to make someone with an illness healthy again.
• There was no way to cure the late stage cancer patient, but hospice care is making his final days as comfortable as possible
• Migrate, verb, to move from one country or region to another, often temporarily
• Doris was desperate to migrate to the U.S, but in the end she remained living in Europe
• Literally, adverb , using the real or original meaning of a word or phrase
• Idioms usually cannot be translated literally into another language
• Specteacular, adjective , very exciting to look at , especially great
• The spectacular fireworks display drew thunderous applause from the audience
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• Naturally ,adverb , happening  or existing as part of nature and not made or done by people

• A healthy body will be able to fight off the illness naturally without the use of medicine.
• Monster, noun , any imaginary frightening creature , especially one that is large and strange.
• The young boy’s father looked under the bed, but he confirmed to his son that there was no monster
under there
• Tension, noun, a feeling of worry and stress that makes it impossible to relax
• Walking and swimming are excellent for releasing tension.
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• Destination , noun , a place to which somebody/something is going or being sent.

• Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final destination.
• Eager , adjective , wanting very much to do or have something especially something interesting or enjoyable
• Islolated , adjective , far away from other places, buildings, or people; remote.
• He lives in an isolated village
• Ultimate, adjective , most extreme  or important because either the original or final, or the best or worst
• The scholar’s ultimate goal was to get his research published in a medical journal
• Balance, noun, a state where things are of equal weight or force
•  He lost his balance and fell to the ground
• Magnificent, adjective , very good, beautiful , or deserving to be admired
• With a beautiful bride, delicious cake and fun reception, the guests commented about what a magnificent wedding this was.
• Prohibit , verb, to officially refuse to allow something
• School officials prohibit students from walking on the grass and require them to stay on the sidewalk
• Rank , noun , a particular position , higher or lower than other
• Consumer preferences were placed in rank order from 1 to 5.
• Spoil, verb , to destroy  or reduce the pleasure. , interest , or beauty of something
• He tried not to let the bad news spoil his evening
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• Phrases frequently used with the noun state

• State of emergrncy
E.g, Due to the present state of emergency, the final exams are going to be online
• State of mind
• E.g, He's in hospital, and in a confused state of mind
• State of repair
• E.g, The building is in a bad state of repair.
• State of shock
• E.g. He was in a state of shock after the accident.
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• Abuse , verb, to use something for the wrong purpose in a way that is harmful or morally wrong
• Try not to abuse the privilege of being allowed more freedom.
• Exhibit ,verb, to show something publicly
•  Next week those goods will exhibit in that shop.
• Furthermore, adverb, in addition ; more importantly .
• He is old and unpopular. Furthermore, he has at best only two years of political life ahead of him.
• Proof , noun, a fact or piece of information that shows that something exists or is true
• A flow of words is no proof of wisdom
• Reaction , noun, behavior, a feeling or an action that is a direct result of something else.
• Facilitate , verb, to make something possible or easier
• . Modern devices facilitate domestic work.
• Temporary , adjective , not lasting or needed for very long
• Don't make a permanent decision for your temporary emotion.
• Contradict, verb , of statements or pieces of evidence) to be so different from each other that one of them must be wrong
• The two stories contradict each other.
• Mental, adjective, relating to the mind, or involving the process of thinking
• Physical health is inextricably linked to mental health
• Specialist, noun.Someone who has a lot of experience , knowledge , or skill in a particular subject.
• The compony brought in an outside specialist to install the computer system.