Introduction to

Computer

Instructor : Anees Ahmed Awan
Email id # anees.awan70@gmail.com
 Classification OF
COMPUTERS

• Introduction
• Classification based on Principle of operation
• Analog computers
• Digital computers
• Hybrid computers

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TYPES OF COMPUTERS

 Computers can be classified based on their principles
of operation or on their configuration. By
configuration, we mean the size, speed of doing
computation and storage capacity of a computer.

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 Types based on
Principles of
 Operation
 There are three different types of computers
according to the principles of operation.
 Those three types of computers are:
 Analog Computers
 Digital Computers
 Hybrid Computers

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 Analog Computers

 Analog Computer is a computing device that works
on continuous range of values.
 The results given by the analog computers will only
be approximate since they deal with quantities that
vary continuously.
 It generally deals with physical variables such as
voltage, pressure, temperature, speed, etc.

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Examples
 Speedometer
Analog watch

 Weight machine
 Thermometer
 Temperature
 Speed

Applications
• Engineering
• Scientific Work
• To control process
• Chemical industries
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 Advantage
Advantage &
& Disadvantages
Disadvantages
Of
Of Analog
Analog Computer
Computer
ADVANTAGE OF ANALOG COMPUTERS
 Fast and inexpensive when implemented with
same technology as digital computer
DISADVANTAGES OF ANALOG COMPUTERS
 Analog computers are not accurate.
 Analog computers lack memory.

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 Digital Computers

 On the other hand a digital computer operates on
digital data such as numbers.
 It uses binary number system in which there are only
two digits 0 and 1. (a bit)
 Digital Computers can give more accurate and faster
results.
 Digital computer is well suited for solving complex
problems in engineering and technology.

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 Digital Computers (Cont…)

 Hence digital computers have an increasing use in
the field of design, research and data processing.
 Based on the purpose, Digital computers can be
further classified as:
 General Purpose Computers:
 Used for any type of applications.
 Special Purpose Computers:
 One that is built for a specific application.

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Examples
• Calculators
• Accounting machines

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 Applications
 Scientific research
 Business
 Education
 Factories
 Market
 Art

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Advantage & Disadvantages
Of Digital Computer
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS
 Digital computers More accurate.
 Store information.
DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS
 Digital circuits use more energy than analog
circuits to accomplish the same tasks, thus
producing more heat which increases the
complexity of the circuits such as the inclusion
of heat sinks.
 Digital circuits are sometimes more expensive.
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 Hybrid Computers

 A hybrid computer combines the desirable features
of analog and digital computers.
 It is mostly used for automatic operations of
complicated physical processes and machines.
 Now-a-days analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog
converters are used for transforming the data into
suitable form for either type of computation.
 Hybrid computers are mainly used for specialized
tasks.

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 Advantages Of Hybrid
Computers

 It combines the best features of both digital and
analog.

Applications
 In hospitals
 In Air Defence system
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 

Lecture No 4

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 Types of Computers
based on Configuration
/ Size

• Types of Computers based on Configuration / Size
• Super computers
• Mainframe computers
• Mini computers
• Micro computers

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 Types of Computers based
on Configuration / Size

 There are four different types of computers when we
classify them based on their performance and
capacity. The four types are
 Super Computers
 Mainframe Computers
 Mini Computers
 Micro Computers

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 Super Computers

 They are the best in terms of processing capacity and
also the most expensive ones.
 These computers can process billions of instructions
per second.
 Perhaps the best known super computer
manufacturer is Cray Research.
 Some of the "traditional" companies which produce
super computers are Cray, IBM and Hewlett-
Packard.

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 Applications & Uses

 Weather forecasting
 Stock analysis
 Nuclear research
 Designing complex
machines
 Scientific simulations
 (animated) Graphics,
analysis of geological
data
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 Mainframe Computers

 Mainframe computers can also process data at very
high speeds i.e., hundreds of million instructions per
second and they are also quite expensive.
 They are large in size and occupy the space of a
room.
 Need cooling requirements as well.
 Perform multiple jobs and support hundred of users.
 Normally, they are used in banking, airlines and
railways etc. for their applications

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 Mini Computers

 Mini computers are lower to mainframe computers
in terms of speed and storage capacity.
 They are also less expensive than mainframe
computers.
 Some of the features of mainframes will not be
available in mini computers. Hence, their
performance also will be less than that of
mainframes.

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 Micro Computers

 The invention of microprocessor (single chip CPU)
gave birth to the much cheaper micro computers.
They are further classified into
 Desktop Computers
 Laptop Computers
 Handheld Computers(PDAs)

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 Desktop Computers

 Today the Desktop computers are the most popular
computer systems. These desktop computers are also
known as personal computers or simply PCs.
 They are usually easier to use and more affordable.
 They are normally intended for individual users for
their word processing and other small application
requirements.

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 Laptop Computers

 Laptop computers are portable computers.
 They are lightweight computers with a thin screen.
 They are also called as notebook computers because
of their small size.
 They can operate on batteries and hence are very
popular with travellers.
 The screen folds down onto the keyboard when not
in use.

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 Handheld Computers

 Handheld computers or Personal Digital Assistants
(PDAs) are pen-based and also battery-powered.
 They are small and can be carried anywhere.
 They use a pen like stylus and accept handwritten
input directly on the screen.
 They are not as powerful as desktops or laptops but
they are used for scheduling appointments, storing
addresses and playing games.
 They have touch screens which we use with a finger or
a stylus.
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 Assignment#01
Due Date:6-12-17

The uses & applications of computer in
different fields like:
 Education
 Medical
 Banking
 Industry
 Weather forecasting
 E-commerce
 Home etc.

NOTE:
 As many as you wrote the uses you will gain max marks.
 Copied assignment will considered to be cancelled without any excuse.
 Assignment should be submitted before the due date.
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