Fundamentals

of
Computer System
The Basics
Desktop
Machine
Or the Personal Computer (PC)

2
Computer
Is a machine which accepts data, process it, and
returns new information as output.

a programmable device that stores, retrieves, and

processes data

Input, Process, and Output

• Input is the gathering of data that needs to be
processed.
• Process is the manipulation or controlling of data.
• Output is the information obtained through data
manipulation or data process.

3
Classification
of Computers
Type, Size, and Purpose

4
Classification of Computer by Type

Analog, Digital, and Hybrid

• Analog computers operates by measure instead of
counting. It measures continuous electrical or
physical magnitudes like voltage, pressure, water
flow, etc.
• Digital computers operates directly on decimal
digit that represents either discrete data or
symbols. It converts data into digits and all then all
operations are done in these digits at extremely
fast rates.
• Hybrid computers utilizes the best qualities of
both analog and digital computers. They are suited
for situations where digital processing of data
collected in analog form is desirable. 5
EXAMPLES

6
ANALOG

7
DIGITAL

8
HYBRID

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Classification of Computer by Size

Microcomputer, Minicomputer,
Mainframe, and Supercomputer
• Micro computer is a stand-alone computer that runs
by a microprocessor, a processor all of whose
component are on a single integrated circuit chip.
• Mini computers are smaller version of mainframes
that generally offer the same computer power but
smaller in size, cheaper and reliable.
• Mainframe they are very big in size and offers
maximum computing power. Generally used in large
networks of computers with the mainframe being
point of network.
• Super computers are the most expensive computers
and generally has a big purpose capable of
computing more than 10,000 millions instruction per
10
second and has a million bits per chip storage
Classification of Computer by Purpose

General Purpose and Special

Purpose
• General Purpose computers can store different
programs and thus can be use in countless
application. It can perform any kind of jobs with
equal efficiency simply by changing the application
program stored in the memory.
• Special Purpose computer is the one that is
designed to perform only one special task. The
program or instructions set is permanently stored
in such a machine. It does its task quickly and it
cannont be used for any other purpose.

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Advantages of using a Computer

Speed Accuracy
• Computers can carry out instructions in less than a • Computers can do the calculations with no errors and
millionth of a second. precisely.

Diligence Storage capacity

• Capable of doing any task given to them repetitively. • Computers can store large volume of data and
information on magnetic media.

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Elements of
Computer
System

13
Hardware,
Software, and
Peopleware.

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Elements of Computer System

Hardware, Software,
Peopleware
• Hardware are the tangible parts of the computer
system.
• Software is composed of set of programs,
procedures, and routines that are associated with
the operation of a computer system. This is divided
into two major parts, the System software and the
Application software.
• Peopleware is a term used to refer to the so called,
End user. It is anything that has to do with the role
of people in the development or use of computer.
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EXAMPLES

16
HARDWARE

17
SOFTWARE

18
PEOPLEWARE

19
Generalization

20
Computer
a programmable device that stores, retrieves, and
processes data

Input, Process, and Output

• Input is the gathering of data that needs to be processed.
• Process is the manipulation or controlling of data.
• Output is the information obtained through data
manipulation or data process.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER BY TYPE

Analog, Digital, and Hybrid
• Analog computers operates by measure instead of counting.
• Digital computers operates directly on decimal digit that
represents either discrete data or symbols
• Hybrid computers utilizes the best qualities of both analog and
digital computers.

21
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER BY SIZE
Microcomputer, Minicomputer,
Mainframe, and Supercomputer
• Micro computer is a stand-alone computer that runs by
a microprocessor, a processor all of whose component
are on a single integrated circuit chip.
• Mini computers are smaller version of mainframes that
generally offer the same computer power but smaller in
size, cheaper and reliable.
• Mainframe they are very big in size and offers
maximum computing power. Generally used in large
networks of computers with the mainframe being point
of network.
• Super computers are the most expensive computers
and generally has a big purpose capable of computing
more than 10,000 millions instruction per second and
has a million bits per chip storage capacity.

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CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER BY
PURPOSE
General Purpose and Special Purpose
• General Purpose computers can store different
programs and thus can be use in countless application.
• Special Purpose computer is the one that is designed to
perform only one special task.
ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
Hardware, Software, Peopleware
• Hardware are the tangible parts of the computer
system.
• Software is composed of set of programs, procedures,
and routines that are associated with the operation of a
computer system. This is divided into two major parts,
the System software and the Application software.
• Peopleware is a term used to refer to the so called, End
user.
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ASSIGNMENT

1. What are the 3 main types of computer hardware

devices?

2. List down at least three (3) examples of each type of

hardware devices.

3. Give at least five (5) examples each of System software

and Application software.

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Thank You
Christian Israel M. Montes
09393234381
montechrisrael21@gmail.com