Art App Finals Lesson 10 Music History Timeline and Genre 1

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LESSON 10
 History of Music, Timeline and Genres.

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10
Objectives
1. Learn the different periods and influences of music
2. Appreciate the origin and influences of western countries in
today’s music genres.
3. Demonstrate skills on critical preference about music expressions.

History of Music: “The Story of Music is the Story of Humans”

Historical theorists pointed out that music and language both evolved out of the need for early
humans to communicate their emotional state to other members of the group. The theory was
based on primates which often rely on grooming to connect emotionally with their peers.
Theorists also believed that some point in our prehistory, humans began to come together in
larger groups, and needed a way to broadcast their emotional state to a greater number of
individuals to keep the group united.
In the 1990s history scholars, suggested our
ancestors began communicating with emotional
tones they called ‘vocal grooming’ to cement social
ties on a large scale. They were really looking for a
way to explain the evolution of language, but some
experts think their emphasis on the early
importance of tone shows that the use of emotional
tones to strengthen social cohesion might equally
explain the origin of music. “Illustration of Neanderthals Social Gatherings”


In 2008, another discovery was made – a bone flute in the Hohle Fels cave near Ulm in Germany
dating back 43,000 years. The five-holed flute has a V-shaped mouthpiece and is made from a
vulture wing bone. It was one of several similar instruments found in the area, with others dating
back to 35,000 years ago and made from mammoth ivory. The mammoth-ivory flutes would have
been especially challenging to make. Using only stone tools, the flute maker would have had to split
a section of curved ivory along its natural grain. The two halves would then have been hollowed
out, carved, and fitted together with an airtight seal.
The cave in southern Germany however contains
early evidence for the occupation of Europe by Homo
sapiens and on announcing the discovery, scientists
suggested that the "finds demonstrate the presence
of a well-established musical tradition at the time
when modern humans colonized Europe". Some
other scholars however believed that the said holes “Divje Babe flute” 43,000 BCE - Neanderthals
Hohle Fels Cave, Ulm, Germany
are caused by the teeth of some carnivorous animals.

The oldest musical instrument was probably the
human voice. The Egyptian Nesyamun lived during
the politically volatile reign of pharaoh Ramses XI
(c.1099–1069 BC) over 3000 years ago, working as a
scribe and priest at the state temple of Karnak in
Thebes (modern Luxor). His voice was an essential
part of his ritual duties which involved spoken as well
as sung elements. The sound of a 3,000 year old
mummified individual has been accurately reproduced as a
vowel-like sound based on measurements of the precise
dimensions of his extant vocal tract following Computed
Tomography (CT) scanning, enabling the creation of a 3-D
printed vocal tract. By using the Vocal Tract Organ, which The mummified body of Nesyamun laid on the couch to be
provides a user-controllable artificial larynx sound source, a CT scanned at Leeds General Infirmary. © Leeds Teaching
vowel sound is synthesized which compares favorably with Hospitals/Leeds Museums and Galleries.
vowels of modern individuals.
History of Music: TIMELINE

Medieval (1150 – 1400) Though we can assume
that music began far before 1150, the Medieval period is the
first in which we can be sure as to how music sounded during
this time. Most notated manuscripts from the Medieval period
came from the church or places connected to the church, and
Medieval Strings Instruments Medieval Wind Instruments
so most pieces have a religious subject. (Flutes, Recorders)
Instruments used during this time included the flute, the recorder, and plucked string instruments, like the lute.
Early versions of the organ and fiddle also existed.
Perhaps the most known type of music to come out of the Medieval period was the Gregorian Chant. Gregorian
Chants were monophonic, (a single, unaccompanied melodic line) and most commonly sung by monks).
Polyphonic vocal genres also developed in this time. Polyphony is the use of multiple independent voice types,
as opposed to the one melody line in monophonic singing (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kK5AohCMX0U).
Though a large portion of the music written in this era is not attributed to any author, John Dunstable, Adam de
la Halle, Phillippe de Vitry, Guillaume de Machaut, and Francesco Landini were all notable composers in this
period. It can be concluded that the introduction of harmony began in the Medieval period.

Renaissance (1400 – 1600) The Renaissance brought significantly increased amounts of harmony
and polyphony into music, as most composers were focused on choral music. Religious music continued to
flourish throughout the entire Renaissance period, including new forms such as masses, anthems, psalms, and
motets. “The Silver Swan,” a famous choral piece still sung today by a renaissance composer Orlando Gibbons.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzxvONTljhU)
Instrumentation became more prominent during this period, with
the introduction of slide trumpet, cornet, valveless trumpet,
sackbut, viol, rebec, lyre, lute, guitar, harpsichord, triangle,
tambourine, bells, small drums, reed pipe, bagpipe, transverse
flute and recorder.
The strong sensation of each piece having a definitely tonal center
(or key) became commonplace in the Renaissance period. Notable
composers of the Renaissance include William Byrd, John
Dowland, Orlando Gibbons, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and
Thomas Tallis.
Typical Renaissance Musical Instruments Set.


Baroque (1600 – 1750) Expanding upon the end of the Renaissance period, the Baroque period saw
the creation of writing music in a particular key. However, the Baroque period is commonly known for complex
pieces and intricate harmonies. Still, this period laid the groundwork for the next 300 years of music.
The idea of the modern orchestra was born, along with opera, the concerto, sonata, and cantata. Choral music
was no longer king, as composers turned to compose instrumental works for various ensembles. “Classical”
music gradually began to work its way into society, being played outdoors at dinner parties and special
functions, or as a spectacle in the form of opera.
George Frederick Handel‘s Water Music is an excellent example of a typical
Baroque period piece, composed for King George and performed on the River
Thames (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kuw8YjSbKd4).
Instrumentation became more prominent during this period, with the introduction of
slide trumpet, cornet, valveless and trumpet. Early Baroque composers include
Claudio Monteverdi, Alessandro Scarlatti, Henry Purcell, and Jean Baptiste Lully, while later
Baroque composers included Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederick Handel, Georg
Cello and piano, added musical instruments
Philipp Telemann, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Dominico Scarlatti, and Antonio Vivaldi. These later in Baroque Music.
composers contributed substantially in the transition to Classical music.


Classical (1750 – 1820) The term “Classical Music” has two meanings: “The broader meaning
includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to the 2000s” and “The specific meaning refers to the
music from the 1750s to the early 1820s”. The Classical period expanded upon the Baroque period, adding a
majorly influential new song form: the sonata. This period also saw the development of the concerto, symphony,
sonata, trio, and quartet. Though this period didn’t add any majorly new instrumentation, the harpsichord was
officially replaced with the piano (or fortepiano). Orchestras increased in size, range, and power, and
instrumentation overall had a lighter, more evident texture than Baroque music, making it less complicated.
Notable composers from the Classical period include musical giants Joseph Haydn,
Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, and of course, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Listen to one of Mozart‘s most famous pieces, “Rondo Alla Turca” from his Piano
Sonata No. 11 performed by Musicnotes Signature Artist, Rousseau.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeEmGvm7kDk)
The Classical period is most known for it’s compulsion for structural clarity in music. Piano, prominent musical instruments in
Classical Music.


Romantic (1820 – 1900) Beethoven and Schubert bridged the gap between the Classical and Romantic
periods of music. Just as one might assume from the word “romantic,” this period took Classical music and added
overwhelming amounts of intensity and expression. As the period developed, composers gradually let go of heavily
structured pieces and gravitated towards drama and emotion. Instrumentation became even more prominent, with
orchestras growing to higher numbers than ever. Composers experimented in new ways, trying out unique
instrumentation combinations and reaching new horizons in harmony. Public concerts and operas moved away from
the exclusivity of royalty and riches and into the hands of the urban middle-class society for all to enjoy. The Romantic
era was the golden age of the virtuoso, where the most difficult music would be performed with nonchalant ease.
The Romantic period was also the first period where national music schools began to
appear. This era produced some of music’s most adored composers, including Hector
Berlioz, Frederic Chopin, Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes
Brahms, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, and Richard Wagner. The very end of the Romantic
period also brought about composers Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Giacomo Puccini,
Jean Sibelius, Camille Saint-Saëns, Gabriel Fauré, and Sergei Rachmaninoff.
Romantic Era Music introduced musical
Take a moment to listen to Chopin‘s “Nocturne in E-flat Major (Opus 9 No. 2)” and compare it instruments assembly or Orchestra.
to Mozart‘s”Rondo Alla Turca.” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p29JUpsOSTE)

20th Century and 21st Century (1900 – Current) This particular period of music has a
huge interwoven variety of genres just like the overlapping expressions of modernism and contemporary art
expressions. This period is comprised with almost interjecting genres of smaller periods such as: Impressionist
(1890 – 1925), Expressionist (1908 – 1950), Modern (1890 – 1975), Postmodern (1930 – present), Contemporary
(1945 – present) Each period we’ve described up until the 20th and 21st centuries had a general set of guidelines
and characteristics that most composers followed. Over time, composers have been pulling further and further away
from rules and restrictions into what is ultimately now a place of complete free reign. Classical music is now a place
for the ultimate experimentation, and though it may not be as popular in 2018 as it was in 1800, it certainly has not
disappeared.
The introduction of electric guitars

in the 21st Century Music Era.


20th Century and 21st Century (1900 – Current)
Impressionist (1890-1925) Musical Impressionism is the name given to
a movement in European classical music that arose in the late 19th century and
continued into the middle of the 20th century. Originating in France, musical
Impressionism is characterized by suggestion and atmosphere, and eschews the
emotional excesses of the Romantic era. Impressionist composers favoured short forms
such as the nocturne, arabesque, and prelude, and often explored uncommon scales
such as the whole tone scale. Perhaps the most notable innovations of Impressionist
composers were the introduction of major 7th chords and the extension of chord
structures in 3rds to five- and six-part harmonies.
Impressionist composers in this period include Igor Stravinsky, Béla Bartók, Dmitri
Shostakovich, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Gustav Holst, Arnold Schoenberg, and CLAUDE DEBUSSY,
many more. Possibly one of the most famous classical pieces of music ever was Impressionist Music Composer
composed during this time: “Clair de Lune” by Claude Debussy
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNcsUNKlAKw).


Expressionist (1908–1950) The term expressionism “was probably first
applied to music in 1918, especially to Schoenberg,” because like the painter Kandinsky
he avoided “traditional forms of beauty” to convey powerful feelings in his music. Arnold
Schoenberg, Anton Webern and Alban Berg, the members of the Second Viennese
School, are important Expressionists (Schoenberg was also an Expressionist painter).
Other composers that have been associated with expressionism are Krenek (the
Second Symphony), Paul Hindemith (The Young Maiden), Igor Stravinsky (Japanese
Songs), Alexander Scriabin (late piano sonatas) (Adorno 2009, 275). Another significant
expressionist was Béla Bartók in early works, written in the second decade of the 20th-
century, such as Bluebeard’s Castle (1911), The Wooden Prince (1917), and The
Miraculous Mandarin (1919). Important precursors of expressionism are Richard
BÉLA BARTÓK,
Wagner (1813–83), Gustav Mahler (1860–1911), and Richard Strauss (1864–1949). Expressionist Music Composer
“Bluebeard’s Castle, 1911”
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoImjQOEp-Q)
(Prologue 4:17 minutes)


Modern (1890 – 1975) Modernism in music is a philosophical and
aesthetic stance underlying the period of change and development in musical language
that occurred from 1890 to 1930. Two musical movements that were dominant during
this time were the impressionist beginning around 1890 and the expressionist that
started around 1908. It was a period of diverse reactions in challenging and
reinterpreting older categories of music, innovations that lead to new ways of organizing
and approaching harmonic, melodic, sonic, and rhythmic aspects of music, and
changes in aesthetic worldviews in close relation to the larger identifiable period of
modernism in the arts of the time. The operative word most associated with it is
"innovation". Its leading feature is a "linguistic plurality", which is to say that no single
music genre ever assumed a dominant position. Some notable composers in this era
IGOR STRAVINSKY,
are Igor Stravinsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sergei Prokofiev, Heitor Modern Music Composer
Villa-Lobos, Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Cécile Chaminade, Paul Hindemith, Aram “The Rite of Spring (1913)”
Khachaturian, George Gershwin, and Amy Beach along with Gustav Mahler and (https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=rP42C-4zL3w)
Richard Strauss


Postmodern (1930 – present) Postmodern Music is music in the art
music tradition produced in the postmodern era. It also describes any music that follows
aesthetical and philosophical trends of postmodernism. As an aesthetic movement it
was formed partly in reaction to modernism but is not primarily defined as oppositional
to modernist music. Postmodernists question the tight definitions and categories of
academic disciplines, which they regard simply as the remnants of modernity. As a
philosophical approach, post-modernism rejects the idea of an objective reality. Since
post-modernists believe that there’s no objective truth, any “objective” standards or
forms developed in previous eras are really just the subjective understanding of people
living in different places and times to the world around them. Notable composers in this
era in which some came across the modern period are: John Cage, Pierre Boulez,
JOHN CAGE,
Zygmunt Krauze, Earle Brown, and Luciano Berio and many other. Postmodern Music Composer
“Music of Changes (1951)”
(https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=B_8-B2rNw7s)


Contemporary (1945 – present) The Contemporary Music period is
the period following the Modern Music period. It is generally considered to have lasted from
1945 A.D. to the present. Contemporary music is (in general) based on originality. Then
Contemporary artists use dissonances and tried to disobey "the laws" that music had
followed for many years. There are many sub-categories of Contemporary music, like
minimalism, a style utilising limited music materials that has been explored by many artists
including Steve Reich, John Adams, and Philip Glass. Other genres include neoromanticism,
serialism, and pop culture. Contemporary music also encompasses genres which may not
be considered 'classical' by an average person. Many of these are often reliant on the quite
recent invention of synthesized sounds or non-traditional scales and chords, such as jazz or
electronic music. Contemporary music characterized the following: Fewer lyrical melodies
than other periods, Dissonant, Harmonies, Complex rhythms, Percussiveness, Greater use
of percussion, brass, and woodwind, and Uses synthetic and electronic sounds HENRYK GORECKI,
Contemporary Music Composer
Different people from the romantic era made variations of there songs so they could add “Sorrowful Symphony #3 (1976)”
Impressionism. Some of these composers include Béla Bartók, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei (https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=v_pn_cVqGJQ)
Prokofiev, Aaron Copland, Dmitri Shostakovich, Samuel Barber, and Henryk Gorecki.


Contemporary (1945 – present) NEO ROMANTICISM
The term is used to refer to the return to emotional expression associated with 19th-
century Romanticism. In the 1940s, composers such as those of La Jeune France
conceptualized their music as neo-romantic to suggest a rupture with modernist
tendencies. Neo romanticism wished to ‘create a new language based on no classicism,
no pre-existent structures’. They addressed ‘aesthetic problems from the social rather
than individual perspective’.
The Neo-Romantic movement found support in music in the works of American

Composer Samuel Barber (1910-1981) who was inspired by the conflict between nature
and man bridging Classical to Contemporary. Barber uses tonal simple melodies to SAMUEL BARBER,
mourn the disconnection of person from nature in his famous 'Adagio for Strings' (1938). Contemporary Music Composer
Listen to this haunting piece while you look at scarred landscape, and you can sense Neo Romanticism
that the scene and score belong together as nature and mankind tragically struggle to “Adagio for Strings (1938)”
(https://www.youtube.com/watc
find common ground. h?v=izQsgE0L450)


Contemporary (1945 – present) SERIALISM
Serialism, in music, technique that has been used in some musical compositions roughly
since World War I. Strictly speaking, a serial pattern in music is merely one that repeats over
and over for a significant stretch of a composition. In this sense, some medieval composers
wrote serial music, because they made use of isorhythm, which is a distinct rhythmic pattern
that repeats many times regardless of what melodies it belongs to. Another pre-20th-century
example of serialism is the ground bass, a pattern of harmonies or of melody that repeats,
most often in the lower vocal or instrumental parts of a composition. In Structures for two
pianos (I, 1952; II, 1961) by the French composer Pierre Boulez, serial elements include
pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and attack. In Simon Says (1972) by Beauregard Forth, serial
elements include specific harmonies, melodies and metres. Other composers who have
written music that serializes more than the pitch element include Catalonian Roberto ERNEST KREMEK,
Gerhard, the Austrian-American Ernst Krenek, and the German Karlheinz Stockhausen. The Contemporary Music Composer
Serialism
music of any serial composer is likely to differ greatly from that of any other serial composer,
“Piano de Sonata #7 (1988)”
because serialism is a method or technique of composing that specifies by itself little about (https://www.youtube.com/watc
the total sound and style of a piece of music. h?v=Ys5TB7X0eFQ)


Contemporary (1945 – present) POP CULTURE
Pop music, often called simply pop, is contemporary music and a common type of
popular music. The term does not refer specifically to a single genre or sound, and its
meaning is different depending on the time and place. Within popular music, "pop
music" is often distinguished from other subgenres by stylistic traits such as a
danceable rhythm or beat, simple melodies and a repeating structure which are
reminiscent of the songs of vocalists such as Karen Carpenter (country ballad) and
Roberta Flack (classical jazz). Pop song lyrics are often emotional, relating to love or
dancing. Pop music may include elements of rock, hip hop, reggae, dance, R&B, jazz,
country, electronic, and sometimes folk music and various other styles. For example, in
the 1920s–1950s pop music drew influence mainly from jazz, beginning in the 1950s
from rock and rhythm and blues (R&B), and since the 1980s, from hip hop. The broad ROBERTA FLACK,
appeal of pop music is seen to distinguish it from more specific types of popular music, Contemporary Pop Artist, Jazz, R7B
and pop music performers and recordings are among the best-selling and most widely “The First Time Ever I Saw Your
Face, (1969)”
known in many regions of the world. This era, the music writers and composers are (https://www.youtube.com/watch
behind the limelight of the artists/singers/performers. ?v=VqW-eO3jTVU)

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EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

VIRTUE EXCELLENCE SERVICE

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

VIRTUE EXCELLENCE SERVICE

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: “The Story of Music is the Story of Humans”

VIRTUE EXCELLENCE SERVICE

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: “The Story of Music is the Story of Humans”

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: “The Story of Music is the Story of Humans”

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

The introduction of electric guitars

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History of Music: TIMELINE

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History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

The Neo-Romantic movement found support in music in the works of American

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

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City of Dasmariñas,Cavite QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Lesson 10

History of Music: TIMELINE

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