PROSTHODONTICS

BRANCH OF DENTISTRY THAT DEALS WITH THE

RESTORATION OF THE MISSING TOOTH/TEETH AND THE
SUPPORTING STRUCTURES BY MEANS ON AN ARTIFICIAL
DEVICE
Objectives of Prosthodontic Treatment

 Elimination of oral diseases

 Preservation of the health and relationship of the teeth and
the oral and paraoral structures
 Restoration of functions that are comfortable, esthetically
pleasing and don’t interfere with speech
 Vital tissues-teeth, bone and mucosa
3 Requirements for a successful
prosthesis:
 1. Support
 2. Stability
 3. Retention
SUPPORT-

 FOUNDATION- structures the denture rest upon

Teeth- tooth borne (RPD and FPD)
Tissues- complete denture
Teeth and Tissues- tooth tissue borne RPD
FUNCTION-ability to resist forces of mastication
Rest- provides support for tooth borne denture
Denture base- supports tooth tissue borne denture
RETENTION

Adhesive foods
Force of gravity
STABILITY

Firm or constant in one position

COMPONENTS OF RPD

1. Framework
2. Denture teeth
3. Denture base
FRAMEWORK

 REST – provides support, resist biting force

A. Occlusal rest – on posterior teeth
B. Lingual/Cingulum rest – on maxillary anteriors
C. Incisal rest – mandibular anteriors
MAJOR CONNECTOR

MAXILLARY MANDIBULAR
Anterior Horse-shoe Lingual bar
Posterior (Strap/Bar) Lingual plate
Antero-posterior palatal / Lingual bar w/ Kennedy
Circular Labial bar
MINOR CONNECTOR

Attachesthe other parts of the

framework to the major connector
DIRECT RETAINER-attaches the
prosthesis to the abutment
clasps and bars
Clasp- has two arms
retentive arm –usually found on the buccal
- part preventing the dislodgement of
denture
reciprocal arm/stabilizing arm-counteracts the
arm, resist lateral/horizontal movements
Parts of the retentive arm
1.Shoulder/proximal 3rd- near the rest, rigid
2.Middle/intermediate- rigid
3.Terminal/ retentive tip- flexible
EXTRA CORONAL DIRECT RETAINER
(CLASP)
 CLASP RETAINED RPD
Simple and most common
It can provide a physiologically sound
restoration
ADVANTAGES
1. Simple clinical and laboratory procedures needed
2. Easily repaired
3. Conservative tooth preparation
4. More economical

DISADVANTAGES
1.Possible strain on the abutment
2.Unesthetic
3.Caries
INDIRECT RETAINER

 -prevents seesaw movement

- usually present in tooth tissue borne denture
- maybe a rest or a plate
DENTURE TEETH

Artificial
substitute of the missing teeth
Maybe porcelain or acrylic
DENTURE BASE

 Component which supports the denture teeth and

replaces the lost amount of residual ridge
CLASSIFICATION OF REMOVABLE
PARTIAL DENTURE
 ACCORDING TO LOCATION

A. UNILATERAL RPD-REPLACES MISSING

TOOTH OR TEETH IN ONE SIDE OF THE
ARCH
B. BILATERAL RPD-REPLACES MISSING
TOOTH OR TEETH ON BOTH SIDES OF THE
DENTAL ARCH
 ACCORDING TO SUPPORTING
STRUCTURE

 A.TOOTHBORNE- RECEIVES SUPPORT FROM

THE ABUTMENT TEETH AND ARE LOCATED
ANTERIORLY AND POSTERIORLY FROM THE
EDENTULOUS SPACE
 B. TISSUE
BORNE- RECEIVES SUPPORT ENTIRELY
FROM THE TISSUES OR UNDERLYING MUCOSA
AND BONE (NO CLASP)
 TOOTH-TISSUE
BORNE – SUPPORTED BY BOTH
THE ABUTMENT TEETH AND THE MUCOSA WITH
THE UNDERLYING BONE
ACCORDING TO MATERIALS USED
 A.
ONE PIECE CASTING- CONSIST OF PARTS OF
PARTIAL DENTURE (EXCEPT FOR DENTURE BASE AND
PONTICS) THAT ARE CASTED AS ONE
 B.INVIDUALLY CASTED
CLASP ASSEMBLY- ONLY THE
CLASP ARE CASTED AND THE REST ARE FILLED WITH
RESIN MATERIAL
 C. WIRECLASP ASSEMBLY –USES ORTHODONTIC WIRES
FOR ITS CLASP AND THE REST ARE FILLED UP BY RESIN
MATERIAL
 D.RETENTIONPLATE PARTIAL DENTURE- WITHOUT ANY
CLASP ASSEMBLY, USES THE FULL COVERAGE OF THE
PALATE AS THE MEANS OF SUPPORT AND RETENTION OF
THE DENTURE
CLASSIFICATION OF PARTIALLY
EDENTULOUS ARCHES
 DR W.E. CUMMER
 1ST
SYSTEM IN 1921, 65,534COMBINATION OF PRESENT
AND MISSING THAT COULD OCCUR IN THE JAW.
OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS HAVE ALSO BEEN
PROPOSED:
BECKETT
GODFREY
SWENSON
 FRIEDMAN
 WILSON
 SKINNER
 APPLEGATE
 AVANT
 MILLER
 BAILYN
 KENNEDY
KENNEDY SYSTEM (1923)

 EDWARD KENNEDY
 MAKESIT POSSIBLE TO PLACE ANY PARTIALLY
EDENTULOUS ARCH INTO 4 GROUPS
 BASEDON THE RELATION OF THE EDENTULOUS
SPACES TO THE ABUTMENT TEETH
KENNEDY CLASS I
 BILATERAL EDENTULOUS AREAS LOCATED
POSTERIOR TO THE REMAINING NATURAL TEETH
KENNEDY CLASS II
 UNILATERAL EDENTULOUS AREA LOCATED
POSTERIOR TO THE REMAINING NATURAL TEETH
KENNEDY CLASS III
 UNILATERAL EDENTULOUS AREA WITHNATURAL
TEETH REMAINING BOTH ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR TO IT
KENNEDY CLASS IV
 EDENTULOUS AREA LOCATED ANTERIOR TO THE
REMAINING NATURAL TEETH (CROSSING THE
MIDLINE)
EDENTULOUS AREAS OTHER
THAN THOSE DETERMINING THE
BASIC CLASSES WERE
DESIGNATED AS MODIFICATION
SPACES
APPLEGATE’S RULES FOR APPLYING
THE KENNEDY CLASSIFICATION
RULE #1
 Classificationshould follow rather than precede
any extractions of teeth that might alter the original
classification
RULE # 2
 Ifthe 3rd molar missing and not to be replaced, it is
not considered in the classification
RULE #3
 Ifthe 3rd molar is present and is to be used as an abutment, it is
considered in the classification
RULE #4
 Ifthe 2nd molar is missing and not to be replaced, it is not
considered in the classification
RULE #5
 The most posterior edentulous area/s always determines the
classification
RULE # 5
RULE #6
 Edentulous areas other than those determining the classification
are referred to as modification and are designated by their
number
RULE #7
 The extent of the modification is not considered only the number
of additional edentulous areas
RULE #8
 There are no modification areas in Class IV arches
SURVEYING

 Process of locating and delineating the contour and

position of the abutment and associated structures prior to
designing an RPD
 Determines the highest convexity of the buccal and lingual
of an abutment tooth in relation to the path of insertion and
removal
MAJOR CONNECTOR

 The
component of the RPD which other
components are directly or indirectly attached
Characteristics of Major Conectors
1. Rigity
2. Avoid impingement of marginal gingiva
Maxillary – 6 mm away /Mand -3 to 4 mm away
3. Borders must run parallel to the gingival margin
(scalloped but not sharp)
4.Provide vertical support
Rest-against tissue-ward movement
5.Provide means of indirect resistance
6.No food entrapment
7.Provide comfort