Introduction &Terminology

Presented by Dr.Reem Eltayed

 PROSTHETICS
Is the art and science of supplying artificial
replacement for missing parts of the human
body.
 PROSTHSIS
Is a replacement for a missing part of the body
with an artificial part to improve the body's
function.
PROSTHODONTICS:
branch of dentistry pertaining to the restoration
and maintenance of oral
function,comfort,appearance and health of the
patient by restoration of natural teeth or the
replacement of missing teeth and contiguous oral
and maxillofacial tissues with the artificial
substitution.
Dentulous patient: Edentulous patient:
All the natural teeth All natural teeth are
are present absent
 REMOVABLE PROSTHODONTICS

the branch of prosthodontics concerned with

the replacement of teeth and tissue structure
for edentulous or partially edentulous patients
with artificial parts that are removable from the
mouth .
It includes two disciplines:
A- removable complete denture prosthodontics
B- removable partial denture prosthodontics.
 Removable prosthesis
It is an artificial replacement for missing oral
structures and contiguous oral and maxillofacial
tissues that can be inserted and removed by the
patient.
 Types of removable partial dentures

A- manner in which they are supported in the

oral cavity:
1- extension base RPD or tooth- tissue
supported (free – end saddle ):
It is supported and retained by natural teeth
only at one end of denture base, and the
occlusal load is carried by both the remaining
natural teeth and edentulous ridge.
2- tooth supported RPD:
Is entirely supported by the remaining natural
teeth at each end of the edentulous area.
B- manner of use :
1- An interim removable partial denture:
is a provisional prosthesis intended to improve
esthetics and function until a more definitive
form of treatment can be given.
2- A transitional removable partial
denture:
• used when loss of additional teeth is
expected, but immediate extraction is not
advisable.
• Artificial teeth may be added to a transitional
removable partial denture as natural teeth are
extracted.
3- A treatment denture :
used as a carrier for treatment material, as a
protective covering for a surgical site, or as a
matrix for soft tissue healing.
In most instances, treatment dentures are used
along with tissue conditioners.
Interim, transitional, and treatment prostheses
are intended for short-term applications and
should never be used for prolonged treatment.
The use of such prostheses over extended
periods may cause damage to a patient's
remaining teeth, soft tissues, and bone.
 Denture base (saddle)
The saddles are those parts of the rpd which
replace lost alveolar tissue and carry artificial
teeth.
Residual ridge or edentulous ridge:
Is the residual bone with the soft tissue covering
it that remains after the extraction of teeth.
Classification of partially edentulous
arches
 Kennedys classification
• Dr. Edward Kennedy proposed this
classification in 1923.
• most popular classification.
• give a positional picture of the teeth present
but little information of the exact no of teeth
absent or present.
 Kennedy Class I
• Bilateral edentulous areas ( free end saddles)
Located posterior to the remaining natural
tooth.
 Kennedy Class II
• A unilateral edentulous area ( free end saddle)
Located posterior to the remaining natural
teeth.
 Kennedy Class III
• A unilateral edentulous area with natural
teeth remaining both anterior and posterior to
it .
 Kennedy Class IV
• A single ,but bilateral ( crossing the midline ),
Edentulous area located anterior to the
remaining natural teeth.
 Rules for Classification
(Applegate rules)
Applegate have suggested 8 rules to apply to the
Kennedy Classification System to eliminate
some uncertainties and to make the
classification more descriptive:

1- classification should follow rather precede

any extraction of teeth that might alter the
original classification.
2- If the third molar is missing and not to be replaced ,it
is NOT considered in the classification.

3- If the third molar is present and is to be used as

abutment ,it is considered in the classification.

4- If the second molar is missing and not to be replaced (

that is the opposing second molar is also missing and not
to be replaced ),it NOT considered in the classification.

5- The most posterior edentulous area or areas always

determine the classification.
6- Edentulous area other than those
determining the classification are referred to as
modification area and designated by their
numbers.

7- The extend of the modification area is NOT

considered ,only the number of additional
edentulous areas.
8- There can be No modification areas in class IV.
 Component of RPD
1- direct retainer.
2- indirect retainer.
3- denture base.
4- rests .
5- major and minor connectors.
 Abutment
A tooth, a portion of a tooth ,or that portion of a
dental implant that serves to support & or retain
a prosthesis.
 Retainer
is defined as any type of clasp, attachment,
device , etc., used for the fixation, stabilization,
or retention of a prosthesis.
An abutment is part of the patient's oral cavity
(eg, a tooth or implant), while a retainer is part
of the prosthesis.
 A direct retainer
is that component of a removable partial
denture used to retain or prevent dislodgment.
It consists of a clasp assembly or precision
attachment.
In removable partial denture prosthodontics,
there are two principle types of retainers:
1- extracoronal retainers:
the retentive and reciprocal components lie on
the external surfaces of an abutment.
2- intracoronal retainers:
(internal attachment, precision attachment, semiprecision)
contained entirely within the contours of a
clinical crown.
retention of intracoronal removable partial
dentures is dependent upon exact parallelism of
the retentive assemblies.
consists of two parts, commonly termed matrix
(“female”) and patrix (“male”).
terms relate to the displacement
resistance
exhibited by a prosthesis
 Retention
defined as resistance to displacement away from
the teeth and soft tissues of the dental arch. (e.
g., the force of gravity, the adhesiveness of
foods, or the forces associated with the opening
of the jaws).
 Stability
Is the quality of a prosthesis to be firm , steady ,
constant & to resist displacement in a
mediolateral or anteroposterior direction.
 Support
defined as resistance to displacement toward
the teeth and soft tissues of the dental arch.
 Cast
 as a verb (to cast an inlay).
 as an adjective (a cast framework).
 as a noun to describe an accurate, positive
reproduction of a maxillary or mandibular dental
arch.
Certain adjectives are commonly used to provide
more specific meanings for the term (eg, diagnostic
cast, master cast, refractory cast).
 Refractory cast
it is compounded to withstand high
temperatures without disintegrating and,
incidentally, to perform certain functions relative
to the burnout and expansion of the mold.
 Refractory investment
investment material that can withstand the high
temperatures of casting or soldering.
 A wax pattern
is converted to a casting by the elimination
of the pattern by heat, leaving a mold into
which the molten metal is forced by centrifugal
force or other means.
 Casting
used most frequently as a noun, meaning a
metal object shaped by being poured into a
mold to harden. It is used primarily to designate
the cast metal framework of a partial denture
but also may be used to describe a molded
metal denture base that is actually cast into a
mold.
 Model
used to describe a reproduction for demonstration or
display purposes.
incorrect when referring to a reproduction
of a dental arch or a portion thereof. The
word mold is used to indicate either the cavity
into which a casting is made or the shape of an
artificial tooth.
REFERENCES:
Glossary of prosthodontic terms, J Prosthet Dent
 Rationale for removable partial denture
therapy
As stated by Dr M. M. DeVan, the primary purpose
of removable partial denture therapy must always
be “the preservation of that which remains, and not
the meticulous replacement of that which has been
lost.”
- Maintaining or improving phonetics.
- establishing or increasing masticatory efficiency.
- stabilizing dental relationships.
- developing the required esthetics.
 Indications for removable partial denture
therapy
1- Long-span edentulous area.
2- No abutment tooth posterior to the
edentulous space.
3- Reduced periodontal support for remaining teeth.
( periodontal splint)
4- Need for cross-arch stabilization:
A fixed partial denture can provide excellent
 anteroposterior stabilization, but limited
mediolateral stabilization.
 Because removable partial dentures are bilateral
prostheses, cross-arch stabilization is enhanced.
5- Excessive bone loss within the residual ridge
6- Physical or emotional problems exhibited by
patients:
The lengthy preparation and construction
procedures for fixed partial dentures can be
trying, especially for patients with physical or
emotional problems.
7- Esthetics of primary concern:
simulate the appearance of diastemata, dental
crowding, dental rotation, or extreme changes in
the soft tissue architecture (eg, recreation of
papillae to avoid the appearance of
dark interdental spaces).
8-Immediate need to replace extracted teeth:
The replacement of teeth immediately following
extraction is most readily accomplished using a
removable prosthesis.
9-Patient desires:
(1) to avoid operative procedures on sound,
healthy teeth.
(2) to avoid the placement of one or more
Implants.
(3) for economic reasons.
10- Unfavorable maxillomandibular relationships:
 include disharmonies in arch size, shape, and
position.
 moderate-to-severe Class 2 skeletal relationship.
Because of the difficulties associated with
complete denture therapy in such a patient, every
attempt should be made to retain the teeth that
may support removable partial dentures.
11- patients under the age of 17 years b.c of
large pulps and lack of clinical crown height .
Advantages of RPD over fiexed PD:
1- they can be constructed for any case ..
Short span ,bounded,health teeth, normal occ.
2- cheaper .
3- easily repaired.
4- more conservative .
 Disadvantages of RPD
1- can cause caries: by harboring food debris
with close contact with natural teeth.
2- it can damage the supporting tissues of the
teeth.
3- it may loosen the natural teeth by gripping
the tooth too tightly
Thank you