Const Mgmt and

Project
Scheduling.

UNIVERSITY OF
MANAGEMENT
& TECHNOLOGY
• Lecture 1

Presentation 1.1
Project & Project Management.

 “The word project means an individual or collaborative enterprise

that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim.”

 Construction Management or Construction Project Management

(CPMA) is the overall planning, coordination, and control of
a project from beginning to completion.

 It can be New Building, Renovation. Moreover a Project has

specific goal and objective to be completed.
Project Mgmt is a team effort.
Project & Project Management.
“The project is the process of planning, design, documentation, contracting,
construction, and management of a facility. The completed project is a facility, which
is a constructed entity or space designed to perform a certain function.”

The extent, time, and budget make each project’s quality unique. Some of the
contributing factors include the following:

 Owner’s requirements.
 Difficulty of construction and complexity of design.
 Physical conditions of the project, including the site and surroundings.
 Economic conditions prevailing at the time of bidding/negotiating and execution .
 Project delivery method used .
 Quantity and variety of materials and components.
 Number of participants.
 Time constraints and project sequencing .
 Financial and practical restrictions imposed by the owner .
 Legal restrictions imposed by authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs).
 Restrictions or constraints imposed by private or public utility providers.
Project Assessment Index
 Project & Project Management.
 Weather, social influences, and political events. As related to a construction project, the quality
is established in the design process and described by the documents used for construction. Some
attributes include the following:
 Fitness for purpose: How the relationships of components, systems, and spaces enhance the
function for which the project was designed.
 Environmental impact: How the project affects the community in which it is located.
 Life cycle cost: The cost of the project, including the combined cost of construction, operation,
and maintenance of the project throughout its life cycle.
 Life safety: How well the project mitigates the dangers that are inherently part of the built
environment.
Project costs are significantly affected by the project extent. Project cost includes:
 Cost of preliminary studies.
 Site cost, Project design cost .
 Cost for obtaining permits and approvals for the project.
 Cost of construction, Cost of furniture, furnishings, and equipment.
 Relocation cost.
Project Programming Index
The Project Cycle

 Planning.
 Budgeting.
 Design.
 Bidding/Negotiation.
 Construction (Furniture, Equipment,
Procurement.
 Occupancy/ Move in.
 Project Close out.
The Project Cycle
Phase 1
 Planning: Project conception is that stage in the project cycle. in which an owner’s
needs and requirements are identified, preliminary studies are performed:
 a site is selected.
 a preliminary budget and schedule are established.
Some of the activities associated with this stage are known as programming, planning,
or pre-design.
 The decision-making process during this stage provides the foundation for successful
progression through subsequent project stages. The process involves a series of
repeated activities including identification, analysis, and refinement.
 Project conception is often a creative stage for the owner; it requires a clear
understanding of project values and goals, which become the basis of many decisions.
 A project program documents these decisions, resulting in a framework for future
design decisions, operational procedures, and determining project feasibility.
 This process requires experts in concept development who can prioritize the values
and goals, integrate them with the facts provided by preliminary studies, and make
recommendations regarding site selection, project budgets, contingencies, and
scheduling to facilitate subsequent project stages.
 Phase 2
Budgeting: (Project Budget)
 Once the functional needs (the program) have been established by the owner and the preliminary
studies have been collected and analyzed, a project budget can be formulated. Figure will
illustrates the affect of conceptual budget decisions on the subsequent project stages.
 As the project develops through each stage, more players become involved and major changes
are not as possible, without additional funding. The project budget should include projections of
all of the costs associated with the entire project.
 A project budget may consider initial construction cost only or may include projected costs of
operation. Including the operations and maintenance costs in a project budget will provide a
better understanding of the total life cycle costs.
 If a project is of a speculative nature and will be sold in a short period of time, less emphasis is
usually placed on the long-term operation and maintenance cost, which will, in turn, eventually
impact the life cycle cost. The project budget should not be confused with the construction
budget.
 Costs are generally divided into two categories: hard costs and soft costs.

 Hard costs include tangible components of the completed project. Examples are those items
included in the construction budget, the purchase of the site, demolition of an existing facility on
the site, built-in systems, and equipment.
 Soft costs are all other items, such as A/E fees, bonding, insurance, and financing costs.
Phase 2
 The construction budget includes only the costs associated with the actual construction, whereas the project
budget includes:
 The cost for preliminary studies, programming, and master planning.
 regulations may require specialized assistance and associated fees, particularly if a public review or appeal
is involved in the process.
Site-related costs:
 Site acquisition: the direct costs associated with acquiring a site for the project, including the cost of the site
and associated real estate fees, settlement costs, and taxes.
 Site rehabilitation: in the case of a contaminated site, whether existing or newly acquired.
Cost of procuring utility services:
For undeveloped sites, the costs for utilities will be significant. For existing facilities, upgrades may be
required depending on the proposed uses, occupancy levels, or the cost of upgrading outdated or inadequate
service.
 Cost for topographic surveys.
 Cost for geological surveys or soil analysis.
 Environmental issues and cost of mitigating them, including wetlands, storm water management, and other
protective measures.
Cost of applications and appeals:
 In some jurisdictions, a development permit application including an associated processing fee is required,
depending on project type. Variances in existing zoning.
 regulations may require specialized assistance and associated fees, particularly if a public review or appeal
is involved in the process.
Cost of site preparation:
 Including decommissioning of existing improvements, abatement of hazardous materials or conditions,
deconstruction, demolition, and site restoration. The required demolition may be minor, such as removing a
small shed, or it may include the full removal of an existing building plus removal of underlying
contaminated soil.
Phase 2
Phase 2
 Construction cost. This includes the estimates for the probable cost of constructing the
project, including building permit fees, materials, labor, tools and equipment, bonds,
insurance, and initial maintenance agreements associated with construction.

 During the project conception stage, this cost is estimated. After bidding or negotiation,
the cost will be more clearly defined; however, the cost of construction will not be fully
known until the project is completed.

 Cost of furniture, furnishings, and equipment (FF&E). Furniture, furnishings, and

equipment necessary to outfit the facility.

 Relocation costs. The costs incurred by the owner for relocating to a new facility. The
cost of temporary facilities while existing facilities are being renovated or expanded.

 Cost of terminating leases or rental agreements on existing facilities. If they do not affect
the decision to relocate, highly restrictive leases or rental agreements may affect the
feasibility of the project.
 The cost of renewing a lease on a month-to month basis may also influence the
construction schedule, with penalties for the delayed project.
Phase 3
Design Phase:
 The Design Development Phase is concerned with the following:
 Interior and exterior building materials and finishes.
 Furniture and equipment selection and layouts.
 Cabinetry and custom fabrications.
 Lighting and technology designs.
 Mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems.
 In the Design Development Phase, the schematic plans and elevations are reviewed, revised
and expanded to incorporate all the details and specifications required for construction.
Project components are looked at to the smallest detail. Issues often come to light that affect
constructability or are critical to satisfying the project program, and that may require
changes to the project program or to the budget, or both.
 By the end of design development the design drawings and specifications are sufficiently
complete to establish and define the facility's size, function, configuration, spaces, the
operation or use of equipment and the materials for all the principal building structures and
systems. With this information the project budget, schedule and all building plans are
finalized.
 Select the design team, initiate cost and schedule controls. Space planning (layout).
Architectural and engineering team is finalized. Material selection and specifications are
finalized.
Phase 4
Bidding:
 The transition from the design stage to the construction stage of a project is the
bidding/negotiating/purchasing stage collectively known as procurement. During this
stage, owners make the proposed construction documents available to prospective
contractors, through either direct selection or open solicitation. The prospective
contractors assemble, calculate, and formally present to the owner their prices to
complete the project described in the procurement documents. Construction prices
become the financial basis of the contract for construction.
 The documents used to obtain pricing from prospective contractors are referred to as the
procurement documents and are based on the project delivery method selected. In a
competitive bidding process, the documents are used for bidding. In a negotiating process,
the documents are used for developing proposals. Pricing activities include:
 Examining the procurement documents.
 Investigating the site and conditions affecting the work to acquire additional information
about the project.
 Requesting clarifications, interpretations, and additional information if procurement
documents and physical conditions are not in agreement Proposing substitutions for
specified products, when permitted, according to documented requirements.
Phase 4
Phase 4
Bidding:

 Soliciting prices from prospective subcontractors and suppliers. Providing a bid/proposal

security when required by the owner.
 Compiling prices and calculating overhead and profit.
 Submitting prices and supplemental Information in accordance with the owner’s
requirements.
 A price is presented in one of two ways:
I. A bid that will be compared with other bids submitted by other prospective contractors in a
competitive bidding process.
II. An offer in the form of a proposal in a negotiating process.
Phase 5
Construciton:
 Construction is the execution of the work as required by the contract documents. The
construction stage of the project follows the design and bidding/negotiating/purchasing
(procurement) stage and precedes the facility management stage in the life cycle of a facility.
Construction is a team effort that includes:
 the contractors, subcontractors,
 testing agencies,
 architect/engineer (A/E),
 Consultants.
 owner and authorities having a jurisdiction (AHJs),
 product representatives, and others.

All working toward the common goal of delivering the completed facility ready for its intended
use. The participants in the construction stage can generally be divided into four teams: the
contractor team, the design team, the owner team, and the supplier team. Depending on the
project delivery method, the contractor may be an independent entity, a construction manager as
contractor (CMc), or the design-builder.
 The basic responsibilities of those involved in the construction processes are in the contract
documents. Depending on the project delivery method.
Phase 6 & 7
Occupancy
I. Assemble, train operating staff; (Building Management).
II. Start up, De bug equipment.
III.Initiate maintenance procedures.
IV.Move-in
 Project Closeout:

I. Post Occupancy evaluation, prepare a check-list for

evaluation.
II. Discuss warranties.
The Project Cycle Summary
 Construction Implementation:
I. Select Construction strategy. (Lum Sum or Turnkey)
II. Select Contractors and Vendors.
III. Bid or Negotiate or both.
IV.Award Contracts.
V. Supervise Construction.
VI.Administer Contract.
VII.Procure/Install equipment, furniture etc.
VIII.Install telecommunications equipment.
IX.Maintain cost, schedule and quality control.
X. Close out contracts.
Control Elements in Project Management

Key Elements for project completion:

I.Time (Schedule).
II.Cost (Budget)
III.Quality (Performance).
IV.Move-in.
V.Post Occupancy evaluation
Cost Control During Design.
Generalized control Model:

I.Establish a standard or objective.

II.Compares results (output) to objective.
Timing of Decisions vs potential for cost saving.
THANK
YOU